Focusing on the fundamental reasons underlying the lasting crisis of the Yemeni Civil War, this book frames contemporary Yemen and assesses prospects beyond the conflict, identifying the factors which will determine its future internal and international characteristics.
Building on Helen Lackner’s profound experience in Yemen, this volume discusses Yemen’s history and state formation, the main political institutions emerging since the Republic of Yemen was established and their role in the war, including the significance of current fragmentation. The volume goes on to discuss climate change, including the water scarcity issue, in the context of resource constraints to economic development and the role of migration. Rural and urban life, as well as the impact of international development and humanitarian aid, are also covered, together with Yemen’s international relations – its interaction with its neighbours as well as Western states. Looking forward, it suggests the type of policies able to give Yemenis the conditions needed for a reasonable standard of living.
Thanks to analysis of determining events, the book will appeal to politicians, diplomats, humanitarian organizations, security analysts, researchers on the Middle East and those generally interested in Yemen. It will also be an essential text for students of international relations, political economy, failing states, development studies and contemporary Middle Eastern history.
Author(s): Helen Lackner
Series: The Contemporary Middle East
Publisher: Routledge
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 183
City: London
Cover
Endorsements
Half Title
Series Information
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
List of Maps
Abbreviations
Chronology
Preface
Introduction
Yemen’s Unique Social Structure
Sects and Sectarianism
Organisation of the Book
1 Modern State Formation
Pre-Islamic Yemen
From the Arrival of Islam to the Nineteenth Century
The Mutawakkilite Imamate (1918–62)
The British Period in Aden and the Protectorates (1839–1967)
The People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY)
The Yemen Arab Republic (YAR)
The Roots of Yemeni Unity
The Process of Unification and Its Contradictions: the 1994 Civil War
The Republic of Yemen (RoY)
The Constitution and Its Changes
The Parliament and Its Limited Power
The 1993 Parliamentary Elections
The 1997 Parliamentary Elections
The 2003 Parliamentary Elections
Decentralisation and Local Government: the 2001 and 2006 Local Elections
Presidential Elections
The Terminal Decline of the Regime
Conclusion: the Yemeni State
Notes
2 Politics and the Disintegration of a Nation
Political Parties and Developments in the First Decades of Unification
The General People’s Congress (GPC)
The Yemeni Congregation for Reform, Known as the Islah
The Smaller Parties
Jihadism
Roots of the War
The Rise of the Huthi Movement and the Six Huthi Wars
The Southern Separatist Movement
The 2011 Uprisings and the Transitional Regime
The Uprisings and the Gulf Cooperation Council Agreement
The Transition (2012–14)
The War
The Saleh–Huthi Alliance
The Saudi-Led Coalition
Seven Years of Huthi-Coalition Fighting
Why Are the Huthis Successful Despite the Overwhelmingly Stronger Coalition Forces?
The War in the South: the Importance of Southern Separatism
UN Mediation and Internationally Sponsored Negotiations
The Impact of the War: Starvation and Human Rights
Conclusion
Notes
3 Constraints On Economic Development
The Country’s Natural Endowment and Climate Change
Climate Change
Water
Hydrocarbons
Other Potential Economic Resources
Economic Infrastructure
Economic Policies
Finance
The Role of Internal and International Migration, Remittances, Development Assistance and Humanitarian Flows
The Rural Economy
The Urban Sector and Industry
Employment
Corruption, the Predatory/nepotistic Economy
The Emergence of the War Economy
Poverty
Conclusion
Notes
4 International Relations
The Arabian Peninsula and Surroundings
Saudi Arabia
The United Arab Emirates
Oman and Other GCC States
Iran
Across the Red Sea
The Broader Middle East
Egypt
Palestine
Asia
The North
RoY–USA Relations
Western Europe
East Europe and Russia
International Organisations
The Arab League
Yemen and the Gulf Cooperation Council
Conclusion
Notes
5 Conclusion
Socio-economic Impact of the War
Political Entities
Negotiations for a ‘Peaceful’ Settlement
Possible Outcomes
The Future ‘New’ Yemen
Bibliography
Index
