Writing Situations, Brief Edition

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 3
Copyright Page......Page 4
Organizational Overview......Page 15
Key Features......Page 16
Supplements......Page 18
Acknowledgments......Page 19
About the Author......Page 22
Contents......Page 5
Preface......Page 14
Part One: Writing Processes......Page 23
1 Understanding Rhetorical Situations......Page 24
Rhetorical Situations......Page 26
Rhetorical Ecology......Page 29
MAPPING YOUR SITUATION......Page 30
Responding to Situations......Page 31
Summary......Page 33
A Situation of Writing......Page 35
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter......Page 37
2 Purpose and Audience......Page 39
Writing Processes......Page 40
WRITING PROCESS GUIDELINES......Page 41
Rhetorical Purpose......Page 42
Audience......Page 43
Transnational Audiences......Page 45
Guidelines for Writing Directed at Transnational and Transcultural Audiences......Page 46
Visuals, Audience, and Purpose......Page 47
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter......Page 49
3 Generating Ideas......Page 53
Invention Strategies for Getting Started......Page 54
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter......Page 65
4 Drafting and Organizing......Page 67
Strategies for Drafting......Page 68
Strategies for Organizing......Page 71
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter......Page 80
5 Revising......Page 82
Stages of Revising......Page 83
Revising Globally......Page 84
Revising Locally......Page 87
Revise Your Visuals......Page 92
Use Peer Evaluation to Revise......Page 93
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter......Page 95
Part Two: Thinking, Reading, and Viewing......Page 97
6 Thinking......Page 98
Intellectual Standards......Page 101
Logic and Logical Fallacies......Page 102
Problem Solving......Page 104
Active Thinking......Page 107
Networked Thinking......Page 109
Visual Thinking......Page 111
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter......Page 114
7 Reading and Viewing......Page 117
Strategies for Active Reading......Page 118
Visual Filtering......Page 126
Visual Content......Page 127
Visual Context......Page 130
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter......Page 132
Part Three: Writing Projects......Page 135
8 Writing to Narrate......Page 136
Narration......Page 137
Annotated Example: David P. Bardeen, "Lives, Not Close Enough for Comfort"......Page 138
Student Example: Summer Woods, "A Southern State of Mind"......Page 141
THE ROAD TO A STRONG THESIS......Page 144
Professional Example: Diane Hamill Metzger, "The Manipulation Game: Doing Life in Pennsylvania"......Page 145
SIDE BY SIDE......Page 149
PREPARE AND RESPOND......Page 150
MAPPING YOUR SITUATION......Page 154
Writing Projects......Page 155
Visual Narratives......Page 157
WRITING PROCESS GUIDELINES......Page 162
Seeking Feedback......Page 163
Summary......Page 164
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter......Page 165
9 Writing to Describe......Page 167
Description......Page 169
Annotated Example: Rachel Carson, from The Edge of the Sea......Page 170
Student Example: Ndidi Madu, "NCAA Tournament Experience"......Page 172
THE ROAD TO A STRONG THESIS......Page 175
Professional Example: Jeffrey Tayler, "The Sacred Grove of Oshogbo"......Page 176
SIDE BY SIDE......Page 180
MAPPING YOUR SITUATION......Page 181
PREPARE AND RESPOND......Page 182
Strategies for Writing to Describe......Page 184
Writing Projects......Page 185
Visuals That Describe......Page 186
WRITING PROCESS GUIDELINES......Page 187
Seeking Feedback......Page 188
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter......Page 189
10 Writing to Inform......Page 193
Informative Writing......Page 194
Annotated Example: Hispanic Heritage Biographical Essay, Celia Cruz......Page 196
Student Example: Bertrhude Albert, "The Stand Against Social Injustice: Projects For Haiti, Inc."......Page 199
THE ROAD TO A STRONG THESIS......Page 203
Professional Example: Lisa Hix, "The Inside Scoop on the Fake Barf Industry"......Page 204
SIDE BY SIDE......Page 209
PREPARE AND RESPOND......Page 210
MAPPING YOUR SITUATION......Page 212
Writing Projects......Page 213
Visuals That Inform......Page 214
WRITING PROCESS GUIDELINES......Page 217
Seeking Feedback......Page 218
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter......Page 219
11 Writing to Respond......Page 221
Writing to Respond......Page 222
Annotated Example: David Leavitt, "Men in Love: Is Brokeback Mountain a Gay Film?"......Page 223
Student Example: Alexandra Bargoot, Argument in Response to "Importance of Education Lost in the Mix" [APA]......Page 226
THE ROAD TO A STRONG THESIS......Page 235
Example: Ta-Nehisi Coates, "Nothing Is So Necessary for a Young Man…"......Page 236
SIDE BY SIDE......Page 239
PREPARE AND RESPOND......Page 240
Two Common organizational Strategies for Writing Responses......Page 242
MAPPING YOUR SITUATION......Page 245
Writing Projects......Page 246
Seeking Feedback......Page 248
WRITING PROCESS GUIDELINES......Page 249
Summary......Page 250
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter......Page 251
12 Writing to Analyze......Page 253
Analysis......Page 254
Annotated Example: Tim Collins, "Straight from the Heart"......Page 256
Student Example: Emilia Maria "Nicky" Cadiz, "The Jersey Shore and Harper's Bazaar" [MLA]......Page 261
THE ROAD TO A STRONG THESIS......Page 265
Example: Annalee Newitz, "When Will White People Stop Making Movies Like Avatar?"......Page 266
SIDE BY SIDE......Page 271
PREPARE AND RESPOND......Page 272
MAPPING YOUR SITUATION......Page 274
Writing Projects......Page 275
Analyzing Visuals......Page 276
WRITING PROCESS GUIDELINES......Page 278
Seeking Feedback......Page 279
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter......Page 280
13 Writing to Evaluate......Page 283
Evaluation......Page 285
Annotated Example: Edward C. Baig, "Review: Sony Tablet P Shows Two Screens Aren't Better than One"......Page 286
Student Example: Quang Ly, "Have You Been Bitten? Evaluating the Twilight Craze" [MLA]......Page 289
THE ROAD TO A STRONG THESIS......Page 295
Professional Example: Sean McCoy, "Square Water Bottle Raises $126K on Kickstarter: We Test it Out"......Page 296
SIDE BY SIDE......Page 299
PREPARE AND RESPOND......Page 300
Organizing an Evaluation......Page 302
MAPPING YOUR SITUATION......Page 304
Writing Projects......Page 305
Visuals and Evaluation......Page 306
WRITING PROCESS GUIDELINES......Page 308
Seeking Feedback......Page 309
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter......Page 310
14 Writing to Argue......Page 312
Argument......Page 313
Formal Argumentation......Page 314
Annotated Example: Peter Singer, "Animal Rights"......Page 315
Student Example: Lauren Brooke Horn, "The First-Year Dilemma: To Write or Not to Write?" [MLA]......Page 318
THE ROAD TO A STRONG THESIS......Page 322
Professional Example: Tim Wise, "Whites Swim in Racial Preference"......Page 323
SIDE BY SIDE......Page 328
MAPPING YOUR SITUATION......Page 329
PREPARE AND RESPOND......Page 330
Writing Projects......Page 333
Visuals and Argumentation......Page 334
Student Visual Example: Ian Rowe, "A Day in the Life of Your Child on Adderall"......Page 336
Student Visual Example: Hyesu Grace Kim, "The Multiple Sources of Self-Esteem"......Page 337
WRITING PROCESS GUIDELINES......Page 338
Seeking Feedback......Page 339
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter......Page 340
15 Writing to Propose......Page 343
Proposals......Page 344
Annotated Example: Joan Didion, "In Bed"......Page 346
Student Example: Eric Trotta, "Handling the Snakehead Invasion"......Page 350
THE ROAD TO A STRONG THESIS......Page 354
Professinal Example: Paul Goodman, "A Proposal to Abolish Grading"......Page 355
SIDE BY SIDE......Page 359
PREPARE AND RESPOND......Page 360
Organizational Approaches for Writing to Propose......Page 362
MAPPING YOUR SITUATION......Page 363
Grant Proposals......Page 364
Writing Projects......Page 365
Visuals and Proposals......Page 367
WRITING PROCESS GUIDELINES......Page 368
Seeking Feedback......Page 369
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter......Page 370
Part Four: Writing Visuals......Page 373
16 Finding, Adapting, and Making Visuals......Page 374
Finding and Adapting......Page 375
Using Visuals Ethically......Page 379
Making Visuals......Page 382
Student Example: Mariah O'Toole, "The Roman Baths of England: A Visual History"......Page 390
Summary......Page 396
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter......Page 397
17 Designing Documents......Page 399
Before: Traditional Report Format......Page 401
After: Report Design Makeover......Page 406
Understanding Design Processes......Page 415
Summary......Page 416
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter......Page 417
Part Five: Writing Research......Page 425
18 Planning and Conducting Research......Page 426
Critical Scholarly Investigation......Page 428
Analyzing and Evaluating Sources......Page 429
Conducting Research......Page 432
HOW TO CITE BOOKS......Page 435
HOW TO CITE JOURNAL ARTICLES......Page 438
Using Online Resources......Page 444
HOW TO CITE JOURNAL ARTICLES LOCATED ON THE WEB......Page 449
HOW TO CITE ONLINE MAGAZINES AND NEWS SOURCES......Page 450
HOW TO CITE A BLOG OR POSTED COMMENT......Page 451
HOW TO CITE A WIKI......Page 452
HOW TO CITE AN ONLINE IMAGE......Page 453
HOW TO CITE AN ONLINE FILM OR VIDEO......Page 454
Conducting Field Research......Page 455
GUIDELINES FOR CONDUCTING AN INTERVIEW......Page 459
Summary......Page 460
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter......Page 461
19 Evaluating and Synthesizing information......Page 463
Supporting Your Own Ideas......Page 465
Synthesizing Research......Page 466
SHORT AND LONG QUOTATIONS IN MLA FORMAT......Page 472
SHORT AND LONG QUOTATIONS IN APA FORMAT......Page 473
Avoiding Plagiarism......Page 478
Summary......Page 480
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter......Page 481
20 Presenting and Documenting Research......Page 482
Student Example: Summer Woods, "From Protest to Resistance" [MLA]......Page 483
THE ROAD TO A STRONG THESIS......Page 497
GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING A RESEARCH PLAN......Page 498
MAPPING YOUR SITUATION......Page 500
GUIDELINES FOR CONDUCTING RESEARCH......Page 501
Attributing and Documenting Sources......Page 502
IN-TEXT CITATION FORMATS FOR MLA AND APA......Page 504
FULL SOURCE CITATION FORMATS FOR MLA AND APA CITATION STYLES......Page 506
Summary......Page 510
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter......Page 511
21 Essay Exams......Page 512
Preparing for Essay Exams......Page 513
Taking Essay Exams......Page 515
Summary......Page 521
Part Six: Readings......Page 523
22 Technology......Page 524
Anwar F. Accawi, "The Telephone"......Page 526
Nicholas Carr, "Is Google Making Us Stupid? What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains"......Page 532
Clay Shirky, "Does the Internet Make You Smarter?"......Page 539
Kate Bolick, "A Death on Facebook: Intimacy and Loss in the Age of Social Media"......Page 542
Malcolm Gladwell, "Small Change: Why the Revolution Will not Be Tweeted"......Page 545
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter......Page 552
23 Image/Culture......Page 554
Saul Bellow, "Graven Images"......Page 556
Tom Junod, "Richard Drew, The Falling Man"......Page 560
Michelle Goldberg, "Debate Grows over Use of Sexual Assault Photo"......Page 572
Frederic Brenner, "Citizens Protesting Anti-Semitic Acts, Billings Montana" (photo)......Page 575
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter......Page 576
24 Sustainability......Page 581
Aldo Leopold, "Thinking Like a Mountain"......Page 584
Annie Leonard, "The Story of Stuff"......Page 586
Martin LaMonica, "Effort to Trace 'Conflict Minerals' in Electronics"......Page 589
Paul Greenberg, "Tuna's End"......Page 591
Alex Johnson, "How to Queer Ecology: One Goose at a Time, A Lesson Plan"......Page 603
Jennifer Baichwal, "Manufactured Landscapes" (film still)......Page 608
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter......Page 610
25 Education......Page 617
Richard Kahlenberg, "The Purpose of Higher Education,"......Page 618
Megan Mcardle, "Envisioning a Post-Campus America"......Page 621
Sir Ken Robinson, "Changing Education Paradigms"......Page 624
Jeffery R. Young, "Teachers without Technology Strike Back"......Page 626
Clive Thompson, "How Khan Academy Is Changing the Rules of Education"......Page 630
Davis Guggenheim and Billy Kimball, Waiting for Superman (film)......Page 639
Michael Wesch, "A Vision of Students Today" (video)......Page 641
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter......Page 642
26 Food......Page 644
John Fire Lame Deer, "Talking to the Owls and Butterflies"......Page 646
Wendell Berry, "The Pleasure of Eating"......Page 650
Jeremy Seifert, Dive! (film)......Page 655
Tom Junod, "My Mom Couldn't Cook"......Page 657
Nissin Foods, Ingredients: Top Ramen, Ramen Noodle Soup, Chicken Flavor......Page 662
Voice of America News, Hamburger Grown in Laboratory......Page 663
Gloria Bley Miller, "Food as Art: A Venerable Tradition"......Page 665
Robert Kenner, Food Inc. (film)......Page 668
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter......Page 670
27 Millennials......Page 673
Joel Stein, "Millennials: The Me Me Me Generation"......Page 676
Judy Denny, Review of Millennials Rising: The Next Great Generation......Page 683
Arianna Huffington, "Millennials Come of Age as America's Most Stressed Generation"......Page 686
Halah Touryalai, "Student Loan Problems: One Third of Millennials Regret Going to College"......Page 689
Nicole Goodkind and Lauren Lyster, Are Millennials a "Lost Generation"?......Page 691
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter......Page 693
Part Seven: Editing Writing......Page 695
28 Correcting Errors......Page 696
Correctness......Page 697
Correctness and Style......Page 698
Correctness and Authority (Ethos)......Page 699
Strategies for Adhering to Correctness......Page 700
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter......Page 702
29 Writing Sentences......Page 704
Clarity and Authority (Ethos)......Page 705
Guidelines for Writing Clear Sentences......Page 706
Use Correct Grammar......Page 712
30 Punctuation and Mechanics......Page 716
Punctuate Correctly......Page 717
Capitalize Correctly......Page 727
Abbreviate Correctly......Page 729
Commonly Misspelled Words......Page 731
Contents by Rhetorical Purpose......Page 732
Contents by Rhetorical Strategy......Page 733
Contents by Genre......Page 734
Credits......Page 735
A......Page 739
C......Page 740
D......Page 741
E......Page 742
F......Page 743
I......Page 744
L......Page 745
N......Page 746
P......Page 747
Q......Page 748
R......Page 749
S......Page 750
T......Page 751
V......Page 752
Z......Page 753