This open access book demonstrates that, while occupation has been used to treat the mentally disordered since the early nineteenth century, approaches to its use have varied across different countries and in different time periods. Comparing how occupation was used in French and English mental institutions between 1918 and 1939, one hundred years after the heyday of moral therapy, the book is an essential read for those researching the history of mental health and medicine more generally. It provides an overview of the legislation, management structures and financial conditions that affected mental institutions in France and England, and contributed to their differing responses to the new theories of occupational therapy emerging from the USA and Germany during the interwar period.
Author(s): Jane Freebody
Series: Mental Health in Historical Perspective
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 391
City: Cham
Preface and Acknowledgements
A Note on Terminology
Contents
Abbreviations
List of Figures
List of Tables
Chapter 1: Introduction
Selection of Countries and Institutions
Sources
Themes and Historiography
Work and Working Practices
Welfare and Unemployment
The Emergence of the Asylum System and Moral Treatment
Psychiatry and Ideology
Professionalisation of Psychiatry and Mental Nursing
Patient Work and Occupation
Occupational Therapy
Class, Gender and Patient Work
The Patient’s View
Aims and Scope
Bibliography
Secondary Sources
Archival Sources
Chapter 2: Patient Work before World War I
Moral Treatment
The Adoption of Moral Treatment in French and English Asylums
Changing Views Regarding the Curability of Mental Disorder
The Decline of Moral Treatment
Separation of Curable and Incurable Patients
Conclusion
Bibliography
Secondary Sources
Archival Sources
For the References
Add In
Chapter 3: From Alienism to Psychiatry
The Professionalisation of Psychiatry
The Emergence of More Psychological Approaches to Psychiatry
The Influence of World War I
The Mental Hygiene Movement
Transformation of the Asile Clinique
Voluntary Treatment
Conclusion
Bibliography
Secondary Sources
Archival Sources
Chapter 4: New Approaches to Patient Work and Occupation
Criticisms of Patient Work After World War I
New Ideas Regarding Patient Occupation
The Reception of New Approaches to Patient Occupation in England and France
England
France
Moral Treatment, Late Nineteenth-Century Patient Work, and Occupational Therapy
Conclusion
Bibliography
Secondary Sources
Archival Sources
Chapter 5: Money and Management
The Financial Situation After World War I
The Financial Contribution of Patient Work in France and England
France
England
Entertainment—Therapy or a Drain on Resources?
Conclusion
Bibliography
Secondary Sources
Archival Sources
Chapter 6: The Medical Prescription of Patient Occupation
Management and Authority
The Views of Psychiatrists in Paris and London
The Views of Psychiatrists in the Provinces
Conclusion
Bibliography
Secondary Sources
Archival Sources
Chapter 7: The Supervision of Patient Occupation
Mental Nursing: Professionalisation and Training
The New Profession: Occupational Therapy
Workshop Staff: Managers or Therapists?
The Role of the Chaplain
Conclusion
Bibliography
Secondary Sources
Archival Sources
Chapter 8: The Patient Workers Inside Hospital
Patient Class
Patient Gender
The Mental Condition of Patients
Metropolitan Hospitals
Provincial Asylums
The Physical Condition of Patients
Patient Age
The Hospital Environment and Facilities
Incentives to Work
Conclusion
Bibliography
Secondary Sources
Archival Sources
Chapter 9: Work and Support for Patients Outside Hospital
Rehabilitation or Therapy?
Welfare Measures in France and England
The Local Relevance of Work within Institutions
Support for Patients Outside Hospital
Conclusion
Bibliography
Secondary Sources
Primary Sources
Chapter 10: Conclusions
Bibliography
Appendix
Index
