In this book shows the theoretical aspects of how a wireless communication system can be translated into simulation models, using elementary matrix operations in Matlab. Most of the simulation models shown in this book, will not use any of the inbuilt communication toolbox functions. This provides an opportunity for a practicing engineer to understand the basic implementation aspects of modeling various building blocks of a wireless system. The book is intended to be used primarily by undergraduate and graduate students in electrical engineering discipline, who wish to learn the basic implementation aspects of a wireless system.
Author(s): Mathuranathan Viswanathan
Edition: 2
Publisher: Gaussian Waves
Year: 2020
Language: English
Pages: 382
Tags: Electrical Engineering
Part I Fundamental Concepts
Essentials of Signal Processing
Generating standard test signals
Sinusoidal signals
Square wave
Rectangular pulse
Gaussian pulse
Chirp signal
Interpreting FFT results - complex DFT, frequency bins and FFTShift
Real and complex DFT
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
Interpreting the FFT results
FFTShift
IFFTShift
Some observations on FFTShift and IFFTShift
Obtaining magnitude and phase information from FFT
Discrete-time domain representation
Representing the signal in frequency domain using FFT
Reconstructing the time domain signal from the frequency domain samples
Plotting frequency response
Power spectral density
Power and energy of a signal
Energy of a signal
Power of a signal
Classification of signals
Computation of power of a signal - simulation and verification
Polynomials, convolution and Toeplitz matrices
Polynomial functions
Representing single variable polynomial functions
Multiplication of polynomials and linear convolution
Toeplitz matrix and convolution
Methods to compute convolution
Method 1: Brute-force method
Method 2: Using Toeplitz matrix
Method 3: Using FFT to compute convolution
Miscellaneous methods
Analytic signal and its applications
Analytic signal and Fourier transform
Applications of analytic signal
Choosing a filter : FIR or IIR : understanding the design perspective
Design specification
General considerations in design
References
Random Variables - Simulating Probabilistic Systems
Introduction
Plotting the estimated PDF
Univariate random variables
Uniform random variable
Bernoulli random variable
Binomial random variable
Exponential random variable
Poisson process
Gaussian random variable
Chi-squared random variable
Non-central Chi-Squared random variable
Chi distributed random variable
Rayleigh random variable
Ricean random variable
Nakagami-m distributed random variable
Central limit theorem - a demonstration
Generating correlated random variables
Generating two sequences of correlated random variables
Generating multiple sequences of correlated random variables using Cholesky decomposition
Generating correlated Gaussian sequences
Spectral factorization method
Auto-Regressive (AR) model
References
Part II Channel Capacity and Coding Theory
Channel Capacity
Introduction
Shannon's noisy channel coding theorem
Unconstrained capacity for bandlimited AWGN channel
Shannon's limit on spectral efficiency
Shannon's limit on power efficiency
Generic capacity equation for discrete memoryless channel (DMC)
Capacity over binary symmetric channel (BSC)
Capacity over binary erasure channel (BEC)
Constrained capacity of discrete input continuous output memoryless AWGN channel
Ergodic capacity over a fading channel
References
Linear Block Coding
Introduction to error control coding
Error control schemes
Channel coding – metrics
Overview of block codes
Error-detection and error-correction capability
Decoders for block codes
Classification of block codes
Theory of linear block codes
Optimum soft-decision decoding of linear block codes for AWGN channel
Sub-optimal hard-decision decoding of linear block codes for AWGN channel
Standard array decoder
Syndrome decoding
Some classes of linear block codes
Repetition codes
Hamming codes
Maximum-length codes
Hadamard codes
Performance simulation of soft and hard decision decoding of hamming codes
References
Part III Digital Modulations
Digital Modulators and Demodulators : Complex Baseband Equivalent Models
Passband and complex baseband equivalent model
Complex baseband representation of modulated signal
Complex baseband representation of channel response
Modulators for amplitude and phase modulations
Pulse Amplitude Modulation (M-PAM)
Phase Shift Keying Modulation (M-PSK)
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (M-QAM)
Demodulators for amplitude and phase modulations
M-PAM detection
M-PSK detection
M-QAM detection
Optimum detector on IQ plane using minimum Euclidean distance
M-ary FSK modulation and detection
Modulator for M orthogonal signals
M-FSK detection
References
Performance of Digital Modulations over Wireless Channels
AWGN channel
Signal to noise ratio (SNR) definitions
AWGN channel model
Theoretical symbol error rates
Unified simulation model for performance simulation
Fading channels
Linear time invariant channel model and FIR filters
Simulation model for detection in flat fading channel
Rayleigh flat-fading channel
Ricean flat-fading channel
References
Part IV Intersymbol Interference and Equalizers
Pulse Shaping, Matched Filtering and Partial Response Signaling
Introduction
Nyquist criterion for zero ISI
Discrete-time model for a system with pulse shaping and matched filtering
Rectangular pulse shaping
Sinc pulse shaping
Raised-cosine pulse shaping
Square-root raised-cosine pulse shaping
Eye diagram
Implementing a matched filter system with SRRC filtering
Plotting the eye diagram
Performance simulation
Partial response (PR) signaling models
Impulse response and frequency response of PR signaling schemes
Precoding
Implementing a modulo-M precoder
Simulation and results
References
Linear Equalizers
Introduction
Linear equalizers
Symbol-spaced linear equalizer channel model
Zero-forcing equalizer
Least squares solution
Noise enhancement
Design and simulation of zero-forcing equalizer
Drawbacks of zero-forcing equalizer
Minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalizer
Alternative solution
Design and simulation of MMSE equalizer
Equalizer delay optimization
BPSK modulation with zero-forcing and MMSE equalizers
Adaptive equalizer: Least mean square (LMS) algorithm
References
Receiver Impairments and Compensation
Introduction
DC offsets and compensation
IQ imbalance model
IQ imbalance estimation and compensation
Blind estimation and compensation
Pilot based estimation and compensation
Visualizing the effect of receiver impairments
Performance of M-QAM modulation with receiver impairments
References
Part V Wireless Channel Models
Large-scale Propagation Models
Introduction
Friis free space propagation model
Log distance path loss model
Two ray ground reflection model
Modeling diffraction loss
Single knife-edge diffraction model
Fresnel zones
Hata Okumura model for outdoor propagation
References
Small-scale Models for Multipath Effects
Introduction
Statistical characteristics of multipath channels
Mutipath channel models
Scattering function
Power delay profile
Doppler power spectrum
Classification of small-scale fading
Rayleigh and Rice processes
Probability density function of amplitude
Probability density function of frequency
Modeling frequency flat channel
Modeling frequency selective channel
Method of equal distances (MED) to model specified power delay profiles
Simulating a frequency selective channel using TDL model
References
Multiple Antenna Systems - Spatial Diversity
Introduction
Diversity techniques
Single input single output (SISO) channel model
Multiple antenna systems channel model
Diversity and spatial multiplexing
Classification with respect to antenna configuration
Two flavors of multiple antenna systems
Spatial diversity
Spatial multiplexing
Receive diversity
Received signal model
Maximum ratio combining (MRC)
Equal gain combining (EGC)
Selection combining (SC)
Performance simulation
Array gain and diversity gain
Transmit diversity
Transmit beamforming with CSIT
Alamouti code for CSIT unknown
References
Part VI Multiuser and Multitone Communication Systems
Spread Spectrum Techniques
Introduction
Code sequences
Sequence correlations
Maximum-length sequences (m-sequences)
Gold codes
Direct sequence spread spectrum
Simulation of DSSS system
Performance of direct sequence spread spectrum over AWGN channel
Performance of direct sequence spread spectrum in the presence of a Jammer
Frequency hopping spread spectrum
Simulation model
Binary frequency shift keying (BFSK)
Allocation of frequency channels
Frequency hopping generator
Fast and slow frequency hopping
Simulation code for BFSK-FHSS
References
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
Introduction
Understanding the role of cyclic prefix in a CP-OFDM system
Circular convolution and designing a simple frequency domain equalizer
Demonstrating the role of cyclic prefix
Verifying DFT property
Discrete-time implementation of baseband CP-OFDM
Performance of MPSK-CP-OFDM and MQAM-CP-OFDM on AWGN channel
Performance of MPSK-CP-OFDM and MQAM-CP-OFDM on frequency selective Rayleigh channel
References
Index
