UWB (ultra-wideband) has been investigated for many decades but only recently has it become commercially viable. With the advent of WiMedia UWB technology and its associated standard specifications, the stage is set for the next generation of WPAN applications to take root.WiMedia UWB focuses on the ECMA-368 standard. Both PHY layer and MAC sublayers specified in this standard are explained in great detail. The book offers not only the facts about the requirements of the standard, but also the motivation and logic behind them. To give a comprehensive perspective of the UWB technology to the reader, other interrelated topics are also examined in this book. These include the history of UWB and its recent standardization attempts; UWB applications and advantages; UWB spectrum allocation and regulations around the world; UWB platform clients: Certified Wireless USB (CW-USB), Bluetooth, and WLP (WiMedia Link layer Protocol, which enables Internet Protocol over UWB); as well as some important implementation issues and considerations. As the first application of WiMedia UWB, CW-USB is given a special and more comprehensive treatment.This book is ideal for any engineer or engineering managers who are expecting to either develop a solution based on UWB or to integrate it with other devices. It will also be of interest to researchers who require an overview or an interpretation of the technology.One of the first books to describe the WiMedia standards (PHY and MAC) in detailA comprehensive approach to de-obfuscating the entire WiMedia UWB technology, from the PHY through the MAC, the MAC clients, the applications, and the regulationsIncludes a description of the CW-USB standard and its relation to WiMedia MACProvides an up-to-date view of the UWB spectrum allocations and associated regulations around the worldDerived from hands-on experiences in WiMedia UWB standards and system development efforts.
Author(s): Ghobad Heidari
Edition: 1
Year: 2008
Language: English
Pages: 309
WiMedia UWB......Page 3
Contents......Page 9
List of Figures......Page 15
List of Tables......Page 21
About the Authors......Page 23
Preface......Page 25
1 Introduction......Page 29
1.1 What is UWB?......Page 31
1.2.1 Higher Channel Capacity and Power Efficiency......Page 35
1.2.2 Little Interference to and from Narrowband Systems......Page 37
1.2.3 Unmet WPAN Demand......Page 38
1.3.1 Clutter of Cables......Page 39
1.3.2 Networking Shortcomings......Page 40
1.3.3 UWB Fills a Gap......Page 41
1.3.4 W-USB......Page 44
1.3.5 High Rate Bluetooth......Page 45
1.3.6 IP over UWB......Page 46
1.3.7 What to Expect......Page 47
1.4.1 IEEE......Page 48
1.4.2 WiMedia versus UWB Forum......Page 49
1.4.3 Ecma International......Page 50
1.5 UWB Applications......Page 51
1.6 Summary Features......Page 61
1.7 Terminology......Page 64
References......Page 70
2 Worldwide Regulations......Page 71
2.1 United States......Page 72
2.2 Japan......Page 75
2.3 Korea......Page 78
2.4 Europe......Page 79
2.6 Summary......Page 84
References......Page 87
3 Physical Layer......Page 89
3.1.1 Packet Radio......Page 92
3.2 WiMedia OFDM......Page 93
3.2.1 Frequency-selective Fading......Page 94
3.2.2 Mathematical Framework......Page 99
3.2.3.1 The Zero Postfix and Further ISI Reduction......Page 101
3.2.3.2 Zero, Pilot, and Guard Subcarriers......Page 105
3.2.4 Spreading......Page 108
3.2.5 Modulation......Page 110
3.2.6 Tone Nulling......Page 114
3.3 PMD......Page 115
3.3.2 Frequency Hopping......Page 116
3.3.3 Common Clock Reference......Page 119
3.4 Scrambling, Interleaving, and Error Correction......Page 120
3.4.1 Scrambling......Page 121
3.4.2 Convolutional Coding......Page 122
3.4.3 Header Protection: Header Check Sequence and Reed–Solomon Coding......Page 125
3.4.4 Interleaving......Page 126
3.4.5 Summary......Page 130
3.5 Packet Structure......Page 131
3.5.1 Standard and Burst Modes......Page 132
3.5.2 PLCP Preamble......Page 135
3.5.3 PLCP Header......Page 138
3.5.4 Modulated PSDU......Page 144
3.6.1 S/N Measurements and Terminology......Page 146
3.6.2.1 Transmit Spectral Mask......Page 150
3.6.2.2 Transmitter Constellation Error......Page 153
3.6.3 Receiver Performance Specifications......Page 156
3.6.5 Channels and Channel Modeling......Page 158
3.7 Ranging......Page 159
3.8 PHY Services and Interfaces......Page 162
3.8.2 Transmit and Receive Services......Page 164
References......Page 167
4 Medium Access Control Sublayer......Page 169
4.1.1 Peer-to-peer......Page 171
4.1.4 Prioritized Contention Access (PCA)......Page 172
4.1.5 Distributed Reservation Protocol (DRP)......Page 173
4.1.7 Beaconing......Page 174
4.1.8 Band Groups and Time-Frequency Channels (TFC)......Page 175
4.1.9 Acknowledgment Policies......Page 176
4.1.10 Reservation Policies......Page 177
4.1.11 Security......Page 178
4.1.12 Hibernation......Page 179
4.2 Superframes and Timeslots......Page 180
4.3 Device Address......Page 183
4.4 Frame Formats......Page 184
4.4.1 Beacon Frames......Page 187
4.4.1.1 BPOIE......Page 192
4.4.1.2 DRP IE......Page 193
4.4.1.3 ASIE......Page 197
4.4.2 Control Frames......Page 198
4.4.4 Data Frames......Page 201
4.4.5 Aggregated Data Frames......Page 202
4.5.1 Frame Reception and Transmission......Page 203
4.5.2 Acknowledgments and Retransmissions......Page 205
4.5.3 Frame Transaction and Inter-frame Spacing......Page 206
4.5.4 Fragmentation and Aggregation......Page 207
4.5.5 Channel Selection......Page 209
4.6.1 Sources of Timing Error......Page 210
4.6.2 BPST Alignment......Page 211
4.6.3 Guard Time......Page 213
4.7 Power Conservation......Page 214
4.7.1 Power Modes......Page 215
4.7.2 Power States......Page 216
4.8.1 BP......Page 217
4.8.2 Beacon Loss or Collision......Page 220
4.8.3 Beacon Contraction......Page 221
4.8.4 Alien Beacons......Page 222
4.8.5 BP Merging......Page 223
4.9 DRP......Page 226
4.10 PCA......Page 231
4.11 MAC Policies......Page 238
4.11.1 Reservation Size Limitations......Page 239
4.11.2 Reservation Compaction......Page 243
4.12 Security......Page 252
4.13 Ranging......Page 256
References......Page 260
5 Protocol Adaptation Layer......Page 261
5.1 CW-USB......Page 263
5.1.1 USB versus CW-USB......Page 264
5.1.2 Frame Formats......Page 270
5.1.3 Transaction Groups......Page 272
5.1.4 Device Beaconing......Page 274
5.1.5 Data Flow and Connection Process......Page 275
5.1.6 Dual Role Device......Page 276
5.1.7 Association Model......Page 277
5.1.8 Implementation and Interface Issues......Page 279
References......Page 283
Appendix A Acronyms......Page 285
Appendix B WiMedia Alliance Membership......Page 291
Index......Page 297
