When AIAA Meets IEEE: Intelligent Aero-engine and Electric Aircraft

Preface
Contents
Part I Astronautics/Aeronautics Versus Electricity/Electronics
1 When AIAA Is Meeting IEEE—How to Interact and What to Achieve
1.1 The AIAA
1.1.1 The Scope of AIAA
1.1.2 Smart Engines by Smart Sensors
1.1.3 Electrified Green Aviation
1.2 The IEEE
1.2.1 The Scope of IEEE
1.2.2 MEMS Technology and Micro-fabrication
1.2.3 Electric Motor and Electric Power
1.3 To Integrate IEEE to AIAA
1.3.1 Mindset Difference of AIAA/IEEE Engineers
1.3.2 Two Cutting-Edge of AIAA/IEEE Fields
1.3.3 The Corporations of AIAA/IEEE Communities
References
Part II The Intelligent AIAA—Smart Sensor
2 Artificial Intelligence
2.1 AI: Brain, IoT, Machine
2.1.1 Smart Brain and Cloud
2.1.2 Internet of Things
2.1.3 The Robotics
2.2 Three E-devices—RLC, Transistor, and Sensor
2.3 Smart Sensors
2.3.1 Smarter Sensor for Smart Use
2.3.2 Smarter Way to Make Smart Sensor
References
3 Smart Sensors for AIAA
3.1 Calibration for Other Methods
3.1.1 Turbine Surface Infrared Thermography
3.1.2 SAW Wireless Sensor Calibration
3.2 Evaluating TBC’s Temperature Barrier Quality
3.3 NGV Cooling Performance Tests
3.3.1 Background
3.3.2 Error Analysis
3.3.3 TFTC’s Advantage
3.4 Evaluate Horn-Shape Cooling Hole on Turbine Blade
3.5 Jet Nozzle Temperature Distribution
3.6 Temperature Field of Jet Flow
3.7 Long-Term Monitor for Gas Generator
References
4 To Build Smart Sensors Using MEMS
4.1 MEMS Technology
4.1.1 Concept
4.1.2 Process
4.1.3 MEMS Sensors for AIAA
4.2 MEMS Temperature Sensors
4.2.1 Comparison with Other Methods
4.2.2 MEMS Methods and Scenarios
4.3 Challenges and Countermeasures
4.3.1 Electric Insulation at High Temperature
4.3.2 Thermal Stress Mismatch
4.3.3 Minimizing the Test Error
4.3.4 Sharp Corner Patterning
4.3.5 On-Site Fabrication
4.4 Technology and Process
4.4.1 PDMS Curved Surface Patterning
4.4.2 DFPR Photolithography
4.4.3 YSZ Thermistor
4.4.4 SAW Wireless Sensing
References
5 To Test the Smart Sensors for AIAA
5.1 Performance Test—IEEE
5.1.1 Test Accuracy
5.1.2 Dynamic Performance
5.1.3 Ultra-high Temperature Measurements
5.1.4 Wireless Temperature Sensing
5.2 Robustness Test—AIAA
5.2.1 Endurance Test
5.2.2 Temperature Shocking Test
5.2.3 Mechanical Shocking Test
5.2.4 High Vibration Test
5.2.5 Violent Heat Flame Rushing Test
5.3 The Combustion Infield Test
References
6 The Mindset Analysis of AIAA and IEEE
6.1 The Necessity of AIAA/IEEE Working Together
6.2 The Difference of AIAA/IEEE People
6.2.1 Difference in Technical Focus
6.2.2 Difference in Culture
6.2.3 2D Versus 3D Thinking
6.3 The Connection of AIAA/IEEE People
6.3.1 Customer Versus Vendor
6.3.2 The 3rd Way
6.3.3 A Dream Keeper
References
Part III The Smarter Aviation—Electrified Aero-engine
7 Why Electric Aviation—Versatile, Smarter, and Green
7.1 The Niche Aviation—AAM
7.1.1 General Aviation Versus AAM
7.1.2 AAM Case 1—3 × 3 VTOLer
7.1.3 AAM Case 2—Drone UPS
7.2 The Smarter Aviation—STOL
7.2.1 Saving Airport Resources
7.2.2 Electric Engine Is More Efficient
7.2.3 Electric Flight Is Smarter
7.3 The Green Aviation—Less CO2
7.3.1 Greener Electricity
7.3.2 Greener Flight
7.3.3 Greener Takeoff
7.3.4 Greener Landing
7.4 Case Studies/The Learnings
7.4.1 Electrification of Boeing 787
7.4.2 Rotatable Wing VTOL Carcopter
7.4.3 Three E-plane Cases
7.4.4 Unmanned Aero-system
7.5 The Distinct Topics of E-propulsion
7.5.1 Power Versus Thrust, Engine Versus Battery
7.5.2 Specific Power of E-engine
7.5.3 Torque, Power, and Speed of Electric Motor
References
8 The Evolution of Aero-engines
8.1 Pistol Engine and Propeller
8.1.1 The Pistol Engines
8.1.2 The Propeller
8.1.3 The Privilege of Propeller Aircraft
8.1.4 The Drawback of the Propeller
8.1.5 From Propeller to Jet Engine
8.2 The Gas Turbine Machine
8.2.1 The Core
8.2.2 The Inlet and Outlet
8.2.3 The Working Process
8.2.4 Turbojet Engine
8.2.5 Turbofan Engine
8.2.6 Turboshaft Engine
8.2.7 Gas Turbine Efficiency
8.3 The Electric Aero-engine
8.3.1 Analysis 1: Propeller Versus Duct Fan
8.3.2 Analysis 2: Shaft Driven Versus Rim Driven
8.3.3 Inspiration 1: Fan-Ducted Jet
8.3.4 Inspiration 2: Lightweight Aero-generator
8.3.5 Inspiration 3: Edge-Driven Turbine Machine
8.3.6 R&D Matrix of Electric Aero-engine
References
9 The RDF Jet—A New Electric Aero-engine
9.1 The Features—Small, Light, Flexible
9.2 RDF Jet Principle
9.2.1 The Concept
9.2.2 The Thrust
9.3 The Architecture—Motor, Fan, Jet
9.4 The Rim-Driven Motor
9.4.1 A Quick Review of the E-motor
9.4.2 Rim-Driven Principle
9.4.3 Rim-Driven Theory
9.5 The Tai Chi Fan
9.5.1 The Future of Rim-Driven Fan
9.5.2 The Design of Rim Driven Blade
9.6 The Duct and Jet
9.7 The Building Material
9.7.1 Weight Estimation
9.7.2 Permanent Magnet
References
10 The Electric Power—Energy and Weight
10.1 The Electric Power Grid for Aviation
10.1.1 Energy, Power, and Weight
10.1.2 From AIAA’s Perspective—Power, Energy, and Safety
10.1.3 From IEEE’s Perspective—Battery, SC, LTG
10.2 Battery
10.2.1 Li Battery
10.2.2 Fuel Cell
10.2.3 Supercapacitor
10.3 Lightweight Generator
10.3.1 The Background
10.3.2 The Reference Technologies
10.3.3 A New Rim Driven Generator
10.4 3D High-K Supercapacitor
10.4.1 Necessity and Feasibility
10.4.2 The Principle
10.4.3 The Evaluation
10.4.4 The Technology
10.5 Summary
References
11 The Integrated Design of Aero-engines and Aero-craft
11.1 The Airplane Basics—Range, Speed, Efficiency
11.1.1 Air Flight Journey
11.1.2 Navigation Distance—The Longer Range
11.1.3 Aircraft Velocity—The Optimized Speed
11.1.4 Thrust and Power—The Capability
11.1.5 Lift Versus Weight—The Efficiency
11.1.6 Distributed Electric Propulsion
11.2 The Showcases—Delta VTOLer and STOL for B787
11.2.1 VTOL: ∆ Aircraft as Delivery Drone
11.2.2 STOL: Shorter Takeoff for Airliner
11.3 The Technologies—Rotatable Wing and VTOL Operation
11.3.1 Rotating Algorithm of RDF Jets
11.3.2 VTOL Prerequisites
11.3.3 Propulsion and Energy in One Shell
11.3.4 Power Electronics and UAS
11.3.5 Lightweight Aero-materials
References
Afterword
Glossary
Index