Starting with 2 chapters on Fourier analysis, going from windowed Fourier transform to a first introduction of continuous wavelet transform (CWT), and giving connections to several well known facts from signal analysis (the Heisenberg uncertainty priciple and the Shannon sampling theorem), the theoretical framework of the CWT is given in chapter 3. Interesting are the results on the decay of the wavelet transform in terms of the smoothness of the signal and the number of vanishing moments for the wavelet.
This is followed by a chapter on the important subject of 'frames' and one on multiresolution analysis (the foundation for the hierarchy of orthonormal bases for L^2(R)). The scaling function (time domain) is actuallly constructed from its properties in the Fourier domain (i.e. the frequency domain).
The final chapter treats the basic idea behind and constructions of orthonormal wavelets with compact support (including the Daubechies wavelets), also touching upon binary interpolation and so called spline wavelets.
For applications to a host of disciplines it is possible to consult one of the many applied books: in my opinion it is necessary to have a firm grasp of the underlying theoretical framework before really understanding what one is doing. I have nothing against applications, but once one has to go back to the roots: back to the valley to be able to reach the crest of the wavelet without accidents.