Author(s): Venkateswarlu, K. S.
Language: English
Pages: 153
Preface......Page 6
Acknowledgements
......Page 8
Table of Contents......Page 10
List Of Figures ......Page 12
3.7 Changes in pH of water ......Page 39
4.1 Mechanism of the first step in iron corrosion ......Page 42
4.2 Possible species of iron under aqueous environment ......Page 43
4.4 Solubility of magnetitie at 300°C vs pHJ00 ......Page 45
4.5 Conceptual representation of electrical double layer ......Page 46
4.6 Ray diagram of carry over coefficients of salts and metal oxide contaminants in boiler water ......Page 48
4.7 Caustic solubility data shown on P ......Page 49
4.2 Distribution of silica between steam and water phases ......Page 50
5.1 Dissociation of HOCI and HOBr as a function of pH ......Page 56
5.2 Important problem areas in cooling water system ......Page 63
6.1 Sodium contamination in mixed bed regeneration ......Page 78
6.3 Stratified bed ......Page 79
7.1 Simplified water - steam circuit in a power plant ......Page 85
9.1 Corrosion and deposition processes in water cooled nuclear power reactors ......Page 112
9.1 Feed and reactor water specifications for boiling water reactors ......Page 114
List Of Tables ......Page 14
2.2 Chemical constituents of significance in natural waters ......Page 21
2.4 WHO guide lines (1984) for aesthetic quality of drinking water ......Page 23
2.6 Hardness vs water quality ......Page 26
2.7 Classification of natural waters ......Page 28
2.8 Example of river water monitoring in Andhra Pradesh ......Page 29
2.10 Chemical composition of some brine waters ......Page 30
2.11 River water analysis with seasonal variations as used by electricity generating industry ......Page 31
2.12 Typical analytical data of impounded raw water from a reservoir ......Page 32
3.2 Changes in surface tension and viscosity of water with temperature ......Page 35
3.3 Thermophysical parameters of water as a function of temperature and pressure ......Page 36
3.4 Variation in the properties of water with temperature and pressure ......Page 37
3.6 Specific conductivity of water at different temperature ......Page 38
4.1 PZC values of some corrosion product species ......Page 47
4.3 Relationship between pH values at 25°C and concentration of alkalising agents ......Page 51
4.4 Thermal decomposition of hydrazine ......Page 52
5.1 Solubility trends among scale forming calcium salts ......Page 65
6.1 Characteristics of standard ion exchange resins ......Page 75
6.2 Comparison of mixed bed performance ......Page 82
7.1 Water quality specifications for low pressure boilers ......Page 88
7.2 Water quality limits (max.) of medium pressure boilers ......Page 89
7.3 Reference data for conventional co-ordinated phosphate treatment ......Page 91
7.4 pH vs percentage of different species of phosphate ......Page 92
7.6 Solubility of trisodium phosphate as a function of temperature ......Page 93
7.7 Electric Power Research Institute ......Page 96
7.8 Central Electricity Generating Board ......Page 97
7.9 CEGB primary targets for once-through boilers ......Page 99
8.1 High pressure steam quality specifications ......Page 102
8.2 Turbine part failures-US industry experience ......Page 104
8.4 Guidelines for reheat steam ......Page 105
8.5 Steam purity limits in industrial turbines ......Page 106
9.3 VVER - 400 reactor water quality specifications......Page 116
9.4 Chemical control specifications for PHT system in PHWRs ......Page 119
10.2 Growth of installed capacity of geothermal power ......Page 127
10.3 Composition of some geothermal steam and water phases ......Page 128
10.4 Characteristics of some geothermal steam and water phases ......Page 129
10.5 Corrosion characteristics of geothermal fluids ......Page 130
10.6 Corrosion studies with reference to H2S abatement by iron catalyst ......Page 131
10.7 Surface corrosion rates of materials in contact with geothermal fluids ......Page 132
12.1 Tolerance limits for discharge as per Indian standards ......Page 146
12.2 Water requirements for industrial operations ......Page 147
12.3 Water consumption in a shore based steel plant ......Page 148
12.5 Examples of the efficacy of wet air oxidation ......Page 149
1 Introduction ......Page 16
2 Physico-chemical Charcterstics of Natural Waters ......Page 20
3 Properties of Water at High Temperatures and Pressures ......Page 34
4 Water Chemistry ......Page 41
5 Treatment of Natural Waters for Industrial Cooling ......Page 54
6 Demineralisation by Ion Exchange ......Page 71
7 Water Chemistry in Fossil Fuel Fired Steam Generating Units ......Page 84
8 Steam Quality Requirements for High Pressure Turbines ......Page 101
9 Special Problems of Water Chemistry and Material Compatability in Nuclear Power Stations ......Page 108
10 Geothermal Power and Water Chemistry ......Page 126
11 Analytical Techniques for Water Chemistry Montoring and Control ......Page 135
12 Desalination ......Page 142
Index ......Page 152
