Watch-Making in England, 1760-1820

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Although watches had been in existence since the late fifteenth century, it was only during the period 1760-1820 that watches became accurate enough to warrant fitting seconds hands; the period covered is therefore central to the development of precision time-keeping and the success of this technology can be measured by the fact that until the recent development of electronic watches, modern timepieces show few basic changes from their eighteenth and early nineteenth century predecessors, and their mechanisms would have been immediately recognisable to the craftsman of that period.

This book about watchmaking in England during the Industrial Revolution brings together widely scattered information not only from the diverse craft of watchmaking, but also some of the general engineering, historical and socio­ economic background to the craft. Throughout the book, the original literature is cited, to retain the atmosphere of the period.

Jacket illustration: Ruby cylinder movement by Josiah Emery dating from about 1775. From the Nelthropp Collection by courtesy of the Worshipful Company of Clockmakers.

About the Author

Leonard Weiss was educated at the University of Cambridge and Westminster Medical School. He is an experienced horologist and writer and is a member of the Antiquarian Horological Society and the National Association of Watch and Clock Collectors (USA) . He lives near Buffalo, New York.

Author(s): Leonard Weiss
Edition: First
Publisher: Robert Hale
Year: 1982

Language: English
Commentary: Deskewed, OCR (Clearscan) , Bookmarked, Added metadata, Numbered Pages
Pages: 304
City: London

Front Cover
Front Flap
Half Title Page
Full Title Page
ISBN 0-7091-9725-X
Contents
Illustrations
Acknowledgements
Preface
1 Some Background to the Period
George III
Longitude
2 Organization of the Watch -Making Trade in London
Training
Some Economics
3 The Lancashire Trade
Watch-tool manufacture
File-making
Tool-distribution
4 The Mainspring
The mainspring
5 The Fusee
6 Fusee Chains
7 Domestic Watch Escapements
The balance spring
Escapements
The lever escapement
The rack lever
The duplex escapement
8 Division and Dividing-Techniques
Original graduation
Common graduation
Engine graduation
9 Wheel-Cutting Engines
The shape of gear teeth
Gear-cutters
10 Pinion-Wire Manufacture
11 Layout and Design
Calculation
Proportioning
Callipering
Fashion and design
12 Watch-Cases
The fabrication of watch-cases
Repousse-work
13 Watch-Glasses
Glass-making
Watch-glass-making
14 Watch-Dials
Enamel watch-dials
The manufacture of dial-plates
Enamelling
15 The State of the English Watch Trade in 1818
Organization and demise
Appendix I Longitude
Marine Timekeepers
Appendix II Hatton's Notes on Workshop Practice in 1773
Appendix III Patent Practice in the Eighteenth Century
Appendix IV Gilding
Bibliography
Index
About the Author