This book presents the technological developments that are currently being researched or implemented in the management of palm oil industrial waste. After introducing the plantation and milling processes, the book focuses on the wastes generated solely from plantation and milling activities, as reducing waste from these two sectors will enhance the overall sustainability of the entire palm oil industry eco-system. It then evaluates the sustainability of current practices and elaborates on technological developments in the two sectors, before critically assessing options to treat wastes generated from the plantation and milling process. To properly contextualise the work, it also includes a section on socio-economical sustainability, as well as an industrial case study.
A valuable resource for academics interested in the evolution of sustainable waste management strategies within this industrial context, the book also appeals to practitioners in the field who wish to improve the sustainability of their particular plantation or mill.
Author(s): Phaik Eong Poh (Author), Ta Yeong Wu (Author), Weng Hoong Lam (Author), Wai Ching Poon (Author), Chean Shen Lim (Author)
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2020
Language: English
Pages: 81
Tags: waste to energy, palm oil mill, pome
Preface......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
1.1 Deforestation......Page 9
1.2.1 Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand......Page 10
1.3 What About Waste Materials from Processes?......Page 11
References......Page 12
2.1 Introduction......Page 13
2.2.1 Bioenergy......Page 14
2.2.2 Bio-Based Chemicals......Page 16
2.2.3 Biochar......Page 19
2.2.4 Fertilizer and Animal Feed......Page 22
2.2.5 Other Products......Page 23
References......Page 25
3.3 Sterilization......Page 29
3.6 Kernel Extraction Process......Page 31
3.7.1 Incineration......Page 32
3.7.2 Return to Plantation......Page 34
3.7.3 Conversion to Value-Added Products......Page 35
3.7.4 Other Applications......Page 37
3.8.1 POME Characteristics......Page 38
3.9 POME Treatment......Page 39
3.9.1 Alternative Treatment Methods......Page 42
3.10 Conclusion......Page 48
References......Page 49
4.1 Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket-Hollow Centered Packed Bed (UASB-HCPB) Reactor......Page 53
4.2 Predictive Model for Monitoring and Control of High-Rate Anaerobic Reactors......Page 56
4.3 Pretreatment to Enhance Anaerobic Digestion of POME......Page 60
4.4 New Concept for POME Treatment Process for the Future and Possible Advancements in the Field......Page 61
References......Page 63
5.1 Biomass from Oil Palm......Page 65
5.2 Our Concerns in Sustainability......Page 66
5.3 Meeting Sustainable Palm Oil Policies Compliance......Page 67
5.4 Waste Treatment Options and Considerations......Page 69
5.5 Bioorganic Fertilizer (BOF) and Bio-circular Economy......Page 70
5.7 Waste Returned to the Plantation for Mulching Versus Fortified Composts......Page 71
5.9 Wastewater Treatment Process......Page 73
5.10 In-vessel Biomass Composting......Page 74
5.11 Key Economic Deliverables for a Typical 45 MT/hr Capacity Palm Oil Mill......Page 77
5.12 Waste Treatment Productivity Gains......Page 78
References......Page 80
