G. J. Oliver provides a new assessment of the economic history of Athens in the Hellenistic era, when the city was no longer an imperial power and struggled to maintain its territory, both at home in Attica and overseas in the cleruchies. Oliver assesses how political and military change affected the fragile economies of the Athenian polis. Warfare in Attica required the Athenians to protect their domestic grain supply and seek out those beyond the city to provide commodities from abroad. Oliver stresses the economic importance of benefaction and civic honours, and shows how much the citizens of Athens contributed to the defence and finances of their city.
Author(s): G. J. Oliver
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Year: 2007
Language: English
Pages: 360
Contents......Page 12
List of Tables......Page 15
List of Maps......Page 16
List of Figures......Page 17
Abbreviations......Page 18
Introduction......Page 26
PART I. ECONOMIC VULNERABILITIES......Page 38
1.1. Dependency Cultures......Page 40
1.2. Models of Dependency......Page 42
1.3. Quantifying Dependency on Imported Grain......Page 43
1.4. The Economic Realities of Moving Grain......Page 47
1.5. Ateleia—the Economic Function of Honours......Page 55
1.6. Bread Baskets: Overseas Territories......Page 62
1.7. The Taste for Gain: Financing Commerce......Page 64
1.8. The Threat of Macedon: Athenian Economies before 322......Page 66
2.1. Introduction......Page 73
2.2. Polis and Piraeus......Page 74
2.3. Out of Attica: The Athenian Peraea......Page 93
2.4. Athenian Territory and Polis Economies......Page 98
3.1. Demography and Economics......Page 99
3.2. Labour and Manpower......Page 100
3.3. The Population of Fourth-Century Attica......Page 101
3.4. Movements of People: ‘a culture founded on mobility’......Page 112
3.5. Settlement and Demes in Early Hellenistic Attica......Page 125
3.6. Surveying Change in the Archaeology of Attica......Page 130
3.7. Conclusion: The Fragility of Human Resources......Page 134
PART II. WAR IN THE ATHENIAN POLIS......Page 136
4.1. Introduction......Page 138
4.2. The Years 307–304 BC......Page 141
4.3. The Mid-290s......Page 144
4.4. The 280s......Page 146
4.5. The 260s: The Chremonidean War......Page 152
4.6. The 250s and 240s......Page 156
4.7. The Polis and Its Territory......Page 158
5.1. Territory, Autonomy, and Manpower......Page 163
5.2. Defensive Infrastructure in Attica c.500–c.200.......Page 167
5.3. The Fortified Demes of Early Hellenistic Attica......Page 173
5.4. The Rubble Camps......Page 178
5.5. Garrisoned Attica......Page 183
6.1. The Structure of Command......Page 185
6.2. The Hoplite General......Page 188
6.3. The Regionalized Generalship for the Countryside......Page 189
6.4. Royal Interference......Page 192
6.5. The Piraeus and Salamis under Macedonian Leadership......Page 194
6.6. Military Command in Early Hellenistic Athens......Page 196
7.2. Protecting Attica: The Cavalry......Page 198
7.3. Ephebes......Page 200
7.4. Garrisoning the Fortified Demes......Page 201
7.5. Special Forces......Page 204
7.6. Non-Citizen Soldiers......Page 208
7.7. Military Organization in Athens and Attica......Page 213
PART III. POLIS ECONOMIES: FINANCE, FOOD, AND FRIENDS......Page 216
8.1. Civic Finances in Early Hellenistic Athens: Revenues......Page 218
8.2. The Epidosis of Diomedon’s Archonship (248/7)......Page 225
8.3. Epidosis: Honours for Benefactors......Page 229
8.4. The Salvation of the Polis and Defence of the Countryside......Page 234
8.5. Benefactors of the Athenian Polis: Buying Food......Page 238
8.6. The Financial Management of the Polis......Page 248
9.1. Introduction......Page 253
9.2. The Need for Grain from Overseas......Page 254
9.3. Grain Prices......Page 266
9.4. Sources of Grain......Page 272
9.5. Civic Intervention: Sitonia......Page 280
Conclusion......Page 285
1. The Eponymous Archons of Early Hellenistic Athens......Page 292
2. The Hoplite Generals of Early Hellenistic Athens......Page 295
3. Non-Civic Appointments in Early Hellenistic Athens......Page 297
4. Groups Represented in the Epigraphy of the Fortified Demes of Attica......Page 299
5. Analysis of the Contributors to the Epidosis of 248/7 BC......Page 302
6. Regional Representation in the Epidosis of 248/7 BC?......Page 307
7. Imported Grain in Early Hellenistic Athens......Page 310
8. Grain Prices on Delos, 282......Page 316
Bibliography......Page 317
A......Page 348
B......Page 350
D......Page 351
E......Page 352
G......Page 353
H......Page 354
K......Page 355
M......Page 356
O......Page 357
P......Page 358
R......Page 359
S......Page 360
U......Page 361
Z......Page 362
Index locorum......Page 363
