Visualizing Quaternions (The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Interactive 3D Technology)

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I saw every point in the three sphere, in 4D. In a color I've never seen before...

Author(s): Andrew J. Hanson
Series: The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Interactive 3D Technology
Edition: 1
Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann
Year: 2006

Language: English
Pages: 532
Tags: Математика;Прочие разделы математики;

Contents......Page 13
Foreword......Page 25
Preface......Page 27
Acknowledgments......Page 33
Elements of Quaternions......Page 35
Hamilton's Walk......Page 39
Then Came Octonions......Page 42
The Quaternion Revival......Page 43
Folklore of Rotations......Page 47
The Rolling Ball......Page 48
The Apollo 10 Gimbal-lock Incident......Page 53
3D Game Developer's Nightmare......Page 60
The Urban Legend of the Upside-down F16......Page 61
Quaternions to the Rescue......Page 63
Vectors......Page 65
3D Dot Product......Page 66
Matrices......Page 67
Complex Numbers......Page 68
What Are Quaternions?......Page 69
The Cornerstones of Quaternion Visualization......Page 73
2D Rotations......Page 77
Quaternions and 3D Rotations......Page 80
Recovering theta and n......Page 85
Euler Angles and Quaternions......Page 86
Optional Remarks......Page 88
Conclusion......Page 90
Algebra of Complex Numbers......Page 91
Quaternion Algebra......Page 97
Visualizing Spheres......Page 103
2D: Visualizing an Edge-On Circle......Page 104
The Square Root Method......Page 108
3D: Visualizing a Balloon......Page 110
4D: Visualizing Quaternion Geometry on S3......Page 114
Complex Numbers......Page 121
Quaternions......Page 125
Basics of Interpolation......Page 127
Quaternion Interpolation......Page 135
Equivalent 3 x 3 Matrix Method......Page 138
A Single Quaternion Frame......Page 139
Several Isolated Frames......Page 140
A Rotating Frame Sequence......Page 141
Synopsis......Page 144
Quaternions and the Belt Trick: Connecting to the Identity......Page 145
Very Interesting, but Why?......Page 147
The Details......Page 148
Frame-sequence Visualization Methods......Page 152
Order Dependence......Page 157
The Rolling Ball Controller......Page 159
Rolling Ball Quaternions......Page 162
Commutators......Page 164
Three degrees of freedom from two......Page 165
Guidance System Suspension......Page 167
Quaternion Viewpoint......Page 168
Advanced Quaternion Topics......Page 171
Alternative Ways of Writing Quaternions......Page 175
Hamilton's Generalization of Complex Numbers......Page 176
Pauli Matrices......Page 177
Other Matrix Forms......Page 178
Efficiency and Complexity Issues......Page 181
Extracting a Quaternion......Page 182
Efficiency of Vector Operations......Page 184
Projective Method......Page 187
Distance-preserving Flattening Methods......Page 190
2D Rotations......Page 199
3D Rotations......Page 201
Quaternion Interpolations Versus Log......Page 205
Orientation Frames for 2D Space Curves......Page 207
What Is a Map?......Page 210
Tangent and Normal Maps......Page 211
Square Root Form......Page 213
Introduction to 3D Space Curves......Page 215
General Curve Framings in 3D......Page 217
Classical Frames......Page 220
Mapping the Curvature and Torsion......Page 228
Theory of Quaternion Frames......Page 230
Assigning Smooth Quaternion Frames......Page 236
Examples: Torus Knot and Helix Quaternion Frames......Page 243
Comparison of Quaternion Frame Curve Lengths......Page 244
Introduction to 3D Surfaces......Page 247
Quaternion Weingarten Equations......Page 252
Quaternion Gauss Map......Page 255
Example: The Sphere......Page 257
Examples: Minimal Surface Quaternion Maps......Page 262
Background......Page 267
Motivation......Page 268
Methodology......Page 270
The Space of Frames......Page 273
Choosing Paths in Quaternion Space......Page 282
Examples......Page 285
Quaternion Volumes......Page 291
Three-degree-of-freedom Orientation Domains......Page 293
Application to the Shoulder Joint......Page 296
Data Acquisition and the Double-covering Problem......Page 298
Application Data......Page 302
Visualization Methods......Page 305
3D Flow Data Visualizations......Page 308
Advanced Visualization Approaches......Page 309
Quaternion Interpolation......Page 317
Concepts of Euclidean Linear Interpolation......Page 318
The Double Quad......Page 326
Direct Interpolation of 3D Rotations......Page 328
Quaternion Splines......Page 338
Quaternion de Casteljau Splines......Page 342
Equivalent Anchor Points......Page 349
Angular Velocity Control......Page 353
Exponential-map Quaternion Interpolation......Page 355
Global Minimal Acceleration Method......Page 360
Quaternion Rotator Dynamics......Page 363
Static Frame......Page 364
Torque......Page 368
Quaternion Angular Momentum......Page 369
Brief Introduction to Group Representations......Page 373
Basic Properties of Spherical Harmonics......Page 378
Induced Metric on the Sphere......Page 385
Induced Metrics of Spheres......Page 387
Elements of Riemannian Geometry......Page 396
Riemann Curvature of Spheres......Page 397
Geodesics and Parallel Transport on the Sphere......Page 400
Embedded-vector Viewpoint of the Geodesics......Page 402
Beyond Quaternions......Page 407
What Happened in Three Dimensions......Page 411
Quaternions and Four Dimensions......Page 412
Division Algebras......Page 415
Relation to Fiber Bundles......Page 420
Constructing the Hopf Fibrations......Page 421
Clifford Algebras......Page 427
Introduction to Clifford Algebras......Page 428
Foundations......Page 429
Examples of Clifford Algebras......Page 436
Higher Dimensions......Page 442
Pin(N), Spin(N), O(N), SO(N), and all that…......Page 444
Conclusions......Page 447
Part Appendices......Page 449
Vectors......Page 453
Length of a Vector......Page 454
Polar Coordinates......Page 455
Matrix Transformations......Page 456
Features of Square Matrices......Page 457
Vector Products......Page 458
Complex Variables......Page 460
2D Complex Frames......Page 463
Multiplication Rule......Page 467
Mapping to 3D rotations......Page 469
Quaternion Exponential Form......Page 471
Quaternion Frame Evolution......Page 473
Quaternion Surface Evolution......Page 475
Quaternion Survival Kit......Page 477
Quaternion Logarithms and Exponentials......Page 485
The Quaternion Square Root Trick......Page 486
The a->b formula simplified......Page 487
Gram-Schmidt Spherical Interpolation......Page 488
Direct Solution for Spherical Interpolation......Page 489
Useful Tensor Methods and Identities......Page 491
Quaternion Path Optimization Using Surface Evolver......Page 495
Quaternion Frame Integration......Page 497
Definitions......Page 501
Metric Properties......Page 502
References......Page 505
Index......Page 521