Visual Intelligence: The First Decade of Computer Art (1965-1975)

The article was published in Leonardo (journal), Vol. 19, No. 2 (1986), pp. 159-169Abstract: The author traces developments in computer art worldwide from 1965, when the first computer art exhibitions were held by scientists, through succeeding periods in which artists collaborated with scientists to create computer programs for artistic purposes. The end of the first decade of computer art was marked by economic, technological and programming advances that allowed artists more direct access to computers, high quality images and virtually unlimited color choices.