This book represents the first complete and systematic guide to the virus-like particles (VLPs) and their applications as vaccines, therapeutic tools, nanomaterials, and nanodevices. The grouping of the VLPs follows the most recent virus taxonomy and the traditional Baltimore classification of viruses, which are based on the genome structure and mechanism of mRNA synthesis. Within each of the seven Baltimore classes, the order taxon serves as a framework of the chapter’s arrangement. The term "VLP" is used as a universal designation for the virus-, core-, or capsid-like structures, which became an important part of the modern molecular virology. The 3D structures, expression systems, and nanotechnological applications are described for VLPs in the context of the original viruses and uncover their evolving potential as novel vaccines and medical interventions.
Key Features
- Presents the first full guide to the VLP nanotechnology, classified by current viral taxonomy
- Outlines specific structural properties and interconnection of the virions and VLPs
- Explains generation and characteristics of VLPs produced by various expression systems
- Offers up-to-date summary of VLPs designed as vaccines and delivery tools
- Unveils interconnection of VLPs with novel organic and inorganic nanomaterials
Author(s): Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 924
City: Boca Raton
Cover
Half Title
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Preface
Authors
Prologue
The Concept of VLPs
Chimeric VLPs
Protein Engineering of VLPs
First VLP Platforms
Linkage to Viral Taxonomy
Section I Double-Stranded DNA Viruses
Chapter 1 Order Caudovirales
Essentials and Genome
Family Autographiviridae
Subfamily Studiervirinae
Genus Teseptimavirus: Phage T7
Family Drexlerviridae
Genus Vilniusvirus: Phage NBD2
Family Myoviridae
Subfamily Peduovirinae
Genus Peduovirus: Phages P2 and P4
Subfamily Tevenvirinae
Genus Tequatrovirus: Phage T4
Family Podoviridae
Genus Lederbergvirus: Phage P22
Genus Rauchvirus: Phage BPP1
Family Siphoviridae
Genus Byrnievirus: Phage HK97
Genus Lambdavirus: Phage Lambda
Chapter 2 Order Herpesvirales
Essentials and Genome
Family Herpesviridae
Subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae
Genus Simplexvirus: Herpes Simplex Viruses 1 and 2
Genus Varicellovirus
Bovine Herpesvirus
Equid Herpesvirus
Pseudorabies Virus
Varicella Zoster Virus
Subfamily Betaherpesvirinae
Genus Cytomegalovirus: Human Cytomegalovirus
Genus Muromegalovirus: Murine Cytomegalovirus
Genus Roseolovirus: Human Herpesvirus 6B
Subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae
Genus Lymphocryptovirus: Epstein-Barr Virus
Genus Rhadinovirus: Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus
Chapter 3 Order Asfuvirales
Essentials and Genome
3D Structure
Expression
Chimeric Virions
Chapter 4 Order Rowavirales
Essentials and Genome
3D Structure
Virions
Dodecahedrons
Chimeric Virions
Replacements
Hexon Modifications
Fiber Modifications
Penton Base Modifications
Protein IX Modifications
Targeting
Packaging and Drug Delivery
Chimeric Dodecahedrons
Vaccines
Targeting
Packaging and Drug Delivery
Chemical Coupling
Chapter 5 Other Double-Stranded DNA Viruses
Essentials
Realm Adnaviria
Essentials
Order Ligamenvirales
Order Primavirales
Realm Varidnaviria
Class Megaviricetes
Essentials
Order Algavirales
Order Imitervirales
Order Pimascovirales
Class Pokkesviricetes
Order Chitovirales
Class Maveriviricetes
Order Priklausovirales
Class Polintoviricetes
Order Orthopolintovirales
Class Tectiliviricetes
Essentials
Order Belfryvirales
Order Kalamavirales
Order Vinavirales
Family Autolykiviridae
Class Laserviricetes
Order Halopanivirales
Unassigned Families
Unassigned Genera
Chapter 6 Order Lefavirales
Essentials
Family Baculoviridae
Essentials and Genome
3D Structure
Chimeric Virions
Vaccine Vectors
Chimeric VLPs
Targeting
Nanomaterials
Polyhedrin
Family Hytrosaviridae
Family Nudiviridae
Family Nimaviridae
Chapter 7 Order Zurhausenvirales
Essentials
Genome
Genus Alphapapillomavirus
3D Structure
Expression
Natural VLPs as Vaccines
Gardasil™ and Cervarix™
Chimeric VLPs
Genetic Fusions
HPV Vaccines
Other Vaccines
Chemical Coupling
Packaging and Delivery
Visualization
Genus Deltapapillomavirus
3D Structure
Expression
Natural VLPs
Chimeric VLPs
Genetic Fusions
BPV Vaccines
HPV Vaccines
Other Vaccines
Chemical Coupling
Packaging and Delivery
Genus Kappapapillomavirus
Genus Lambdapapillomavirus
Genus Pipapillomavirus
Genus Upsilonpapillomavirus
Genus Zetapapillomavirus
Chapter 8 Order Sepolyvirales
Essentials
Genome
Genus Alphapolyomavirus
Mouse Polyomavirus
Hamster Polyomavirus
Merkel Cell Polyomavirus
Other Alphapolyomaviruses
Genus Betapolyomavirus
BK Polyomavirus
JC Polyomavirus
Mouse Pneumotropic Virus
Simian Virus 40
Genus Gammapolyomavirus
Genus Deltapolyomavirus
Unclassified Polyomaviruses
Section II Single-Stranded DNA Viruses
Chapter 9 Order Piccovirales
Essentials
Genome
Subfamily Parvovirinae
Genus Dependoparvovirus
Adeno-Associated Virus
Nonprimate Adeno-Associated Viruses
Genus Erythroparvovirus
Genus Protoparvovirus
Carnivore Parvoviruses
Porcine Parvovirus
Primate Parvoviruses
Rodent Parvoviruses
Genus Amdoparvovirus
Genus Bocaparvovirus
Genus Tetraparvovirus
Subfamily Densovirinae
Genus Iteradensovirus
Genus Pefuambidensovirus
Genus Protoambidensovirus
Subfamily Hamaparvovirinae
Chapter 10 Order Cirlivirales
Essentials
Genome
Genus Circovirus
Beak and Feather Disease Virus
Porcine Circovirus
Other Circoviruses
Chapter 11 Order Tubulavirales
Essentials
Genome
Phage Display
3D Structure
Vaccines and Immunology
Targeting and Delivery
Functionalization and Nanomaterials
Chapter 12 Other Single-Stranded DNA Viruses
Class Malgrandaviricetes
Order Petitvirales
Class Mouviricetes
Order Polivirales
Class Arfiviricetes
Class Repensiviricetes
Order Geplafuvirales
Class Huolimaviricetes
Unassigned Families
Family Anelloviridae
Other Unassigned Families
Section III Double-Stranded RNA Viruses
Chapter 13 Order Reovirales
Essentials
Genome
Orbiviruses
Bluetongue Virus
Expression
3D Structure
Vaccine
Chimeric VLPs
NS1 Tubules as a Carrier
Packaging and Delivery
African Horse Sickness Virus
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus
Great Island virus
Phytoreoviruses
Rotaviruses
Expression
3D Structure
Vaccines
Chimeric VLPs
Packaging and Delivery
Nanomaterials
Cypoviruses and other Spinareovirinae Members
Chapter 14 Family Birnaviridae
Essentials
Genome
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus
Infectious Bursal Disease Virus
Expression
3D Structure
Vaccines
Chimeric VLPs
Functionalization and Nanomaterials
Chapter 15 Other Double-Stranded RNA Viruses
Order Durnavirales
Essentials
Family Amalgaviridae
Family Hypoviridae
Family Partitiviridae
Families Picobirnaviridae and Curvulaviridae
Order Ghabrivirales
Essentials
Family Chrysoviridae
Family Megabirnaviridae
Family Quadriviridae
Family Totiviridae
Order Mindivirales
Family Cystoviridae
Family Polymycoviridae
Genus Botybirnavirus
Section IV Positive Single-Stranded RNA Viruses
Chapter 16 Order Hepelivirales
Essentials
Genome
Family Hepeviridae
Expression and Vaccines
Expression
Hecolin
NHT
3D Structure
Chimeric VLPs
Targeting and Delivery
Family Matonaviridae
Family Alphatetraviridae
Nudaurelia Capensis ω Virus
Other Tetraviruses
Family Benyviridae
Chapter 17 Order Martellivirales: Bromoviridae
Essentials
Genome
Genus Alfamovirus
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus
Genus Bromovirus
Brome Mosaic Virus
3D Structure
Expression
New Materials
Chemical Coupling
Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus
3D Structure
Expression
New Materials
Chemical Coupling
Packaging and Delivery
Chimeric VLPs
Genus Cucumovirus
Cucumber Mosaic Virus
3D Structure
Expression
Chimeric Virions
Chimeric VLPs
Packaging and Delivery
Other Cucumoviruses
Reviews
Chapter 18 Order Martellivirales: Togaviridae
Essentials
Genome
3D Structure
Single-Round Infectious VLPs
Semliki Forest Virus Complex
Chikungunya Virus
Natural VLPs
Chimeric VLPs
Ross River Virus
Semliki Forest Virus
Eastern Equine Encephalitis Complex
Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus
Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Complex
Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus
Western Equine Encephalitis Complex
Sindbis Virus
Western Equine Encephalitis Virus
Salmon Pancreatic Disease Virus
Chapter 19 Order Martellivirales: Virgaviridae
Essentials
Genome
Genus Tobamovirus
Tobacco Mosaic Virus
3D Structure
Expression
Chimeric Virions
Chimeric VLPs
Spherical Compositions
New Materials
Chemical Coupling
Packaging and Delivery
Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus
Turnip Vein-Clearing Virus
Genus Furovirus
Genus Pecluvirus
Genus Pomovirus
Genus Tobravirus
Chapter 20 Order Martellivirales: Other Families
Family Closteroviridae
Family Endornaviridae
Family Kitaviridae
Family Mayoviridae
Chapter 21 Order Tymovirales
Essentials
Genome
Family Alphaflexiviridae
Bamboo Mosaic Virus
Papaya Mosaic Virus
Natural VLPs
Chimeric VLPs
3D Structure
Sortase Coupling
Potato Virus X
Expression
Chimeric Virions
Chimeric VLPs
3D Structure
Chemical Coupling and Functionalization
Tumor Homing
Drug Delivery
Imaging
New Materials
Biosensing
Catalysis
Other Potexviruses
Family Tymoviridae
Genus Marafivirus
Genus Tymovirus
Physalis Mottle Virus
Tomato Blistering Mosaic Virus
Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus
Chapter 22 Order Amarillovirales
Essentials
Genome
Genus Flavivirus
Single-Round Infectious VLPs
Dengue Virus
Japanese Encephalitis Virus
Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus
West Nile Virus
Yellow Fever Virus
Zika Virus
Other Flaviviruses
Genus Hepacivirus
Hepatitis C Virus
Chapter 23 Order Nodamuvirales
Essentials
Genome
Genus Alphanodavirus
Expression
3D Structure
Chimeric VLPs
Genus Betanodavirus
Unclassified Nodaviruses
Shrimp Nodaviruses
Nematode Nodaviruses
Chapter 24 Order Tolivirales
Essentials
Genome
Family Tombusviridae
3D Structure
Chimeric VLPs
Packaging and Delivery
Family Carmotetraviridae
Chapter 25 Orders Norzivirales and Timlovirales
Essentials
Genome
Expression of the Coat Gene and Natural VLPs
3D Structure
Chimeric VLPs
Genetic Fusions
fr
MS2
Qβ
PP7
AP205
GA
Peptide Display
MS2
Qβ
Chemical Coupling
Functionalization
MS2
Qβ
AP205
Stability
Contribution to Basic Immunology
Vaccines
Natural VLPs
Genetic Fusions
Chemical Coupling
Plug-and-Display
Packaging and Targeting
Coat-RNA Recognition
Development of the Idea
Heterologous RNAs
Armored RNA
CpGs
Proteins
Other Cargos
Targeting
Nanomaterials
Nanoreactors
Nanomachines
Chimeric Phages
MS2
Qβ
Chapter 26 Order Nidovirales
Essentials
Genome
Family Coronaviridae
Genus Alphacoronavirus
Subgenus Pedacovirus
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus
Subgenus Setracovirus
Human Coronavirus NL63
Subgenus Tegacovirus
Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus
Genus Betacoronavirus
Subgenus Embecovirus
Murine Hepatitis Virus
Subgenus Merbecovirus
MERS-CoV
Subgenus Sarbecovirus
SARS-CoV-1
SARS-CoV-2
Genus Gammacoronavirus
Subgenus Igacovirus
Infectious Bronchitis Virus
Family Arteriviridae
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus
Equine Arteritis Virus
Chapter 27 Order Picornavirales
Essentials
Genome
Family Caliciviridae
Genus Lagovirus
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus
Expression
3D Structure
Chimeric VLPs
Chemical Coupling
Packaging and Delivery
European Brown Hare Syndrome Virus
Genus Norovirus
Norwalk Virus
Expression
3D Structure
Chimeric VLPs
P Particles
New Materials
Genus Sapovirus
Genus Vesivirus
Feline Calicivirus
San Miguel Sea Lion Virus
Family Dicistroviridae
Family Picornaviridae
Genus Aphthovirus
Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus
Genus Cardiovirus
Mengo Virus
Porcine Encephalomyocarditis Virus
Genus Enterovirus
Coxsackievirus
Enterovirus Type 71
Enterovirus D68
Poliovirus
Human Rhinovirus 14
Swine Vesicular Disease Virus
Genus Hepatovirus
Hepatitis A Virus
Family Secoviridae
Genus Comovirus
Cowpea Mosaic Virus
3D Structure
Expression
Chemical Coupling and New Materials
Packaging and Delivery
Chimeric Virions
Chimeric VLPs
Cancer Vaccines
Reviews
Bean Pod Mottle Virus
Other Genera
Genus Cheravirus
Apple Latent Spherical Virus
Genus Nepovirus
Grapevine Fanleaf Virus
Chapter 28 Order Sobelivirales
Essentials
Genome
Family Solemoviridae
Genus Sobemovirus
3D Structure
Expression
Chimeric VLPs
Other Genera
Family Alvernaviridae
Chapter 29 Order Patatavirales
Essentials
Genome
Family Potyviridae
Genus Macluravirus
Genus Poacevirus
Genus Potyvirus
Johnsongrass Mosaic Virus
Lettuce Mosaic Virus
Papaya Ringspot Virus
Pepper Vein Banding Virus
Plum Pox Virus
Potato Virus A
Potato Virus Y
Soybean Mosaic Virus
Sugarcane Mosaic Virus
Tobacco Etch Virus
Turnip Mosaic Virus
Watermelon Mosaic Virus
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus
Chapter 30 Other Positive Single-Stranded RNA Viruses
Order Stellavirales
Family Astroviridae
Order Ourlivirales
Family Botourmiaviridae
Order Wolframvirales
Family Narnaviridae
Order Cryppavirales
Family Mitoviridae
Family Permutotetraviridae
Genus Alphapermutotetravirus
Satellite Viruses
Essentials
Genus Albetovirus
Genus Aumaivirus
Genus Papanivirus
Genus Virtovirus
Family Sarthroviridae
Section V Negative Single-Stranded RNA Viruses
Chapter 31 Order Mononegavirales
Essentials
Genome
Family Paramyxoviridae
Subfamily Avulavirinae
Subfamily Orthoparamyxovirinae
Subfamily Rubulavirinae
Pneumoviruses
Bornaviruses and Nyamiviruses
Rhabdoviruses
Filoviruses
Chapter 32 Order Bunyavirales
Essentials
Genome
Arenaviruses
Expression
3D Structure of the VLPs
Putative VLP Carriers
Generation of Arenaviral VLPs
Expression by VLPVs
Exchange of Arenaviral Envelopes or Pseudotyped Arenaviruses
Putative VLP Subjects
Pseudotyping of Non-Arenaviral VLPs by Arenaviral GPs
Arenaviruses as a Source of Epitopes
Hantaviruses
Nairoviruses
Peribunyaviruses
Phenuiviruses
Tospoviruses
Chapter 33 Order Articulavirales
Essentials
Genome
Expression of the Structural Genes
Mammalian Cells
Insect Cells and Insects
Plants
Comparative Analysis
Natural VLPs as Vaccines
3D Structure
Hybrid VLPs: Reassortance and Pseudotyping
Chimeric VLPs as Influenza Vaccines
Chimeric VLPs as a Carrier for Foreign Epitopes
Influenza as a Genetic Virus Vector
Packaging and Targeting
Nanomaterials
Chapter 34 Other Negative Single-Stranded RNA Viruses
Essentials
Order Muvirales
Family Qinviridae
Order Serpentovirales
Family Aspiviridae
Order Goujianvirales
Family Yueviridae
Order Jingchuvirales
Genus Deltavirus
Section VI Single-Stranded RNA Viruses Using Reverse Transcription
Chapter 35 Order Ortervirales
Essentials
Genome
Family Pseudoviridae
Family Belpaoviridae
Family Metaviridae
Family Retroviridae
Subfamily Orthoretrovirinae
Oncogenic Retroviruses
Lentiviruses
Subfamily Spumaretrovirinae
Packaging
Section VII Double-Stranded DNA Viruses Using Reverse Transcription
Chapter 36 Family Caulimoviridae
Essentials
Genome
3D Structure
Expression
Chapter 37 Order Blubervirales: Surface Protein
Essentials
Genome
Surface Gene
Expression of the Surface Gene
3D and Antigenic Structure
Vaccines
Natural Vaccines
SHBs Vaccines
Edible Vaccines
Combination with the HBc VLPs
PreS-Containing Vaccines
DNA Vaccines
Chimeric Vaccines
Genetic Fusions
DHBs as a Carrier
Chemical Coupling
Plug-and-Display
Packaging and Targeting
Nanomaterials
Chapter 38 Order Blubervirales: Core Protein
Core Gene
Expression of the Core Gene
3D Structure
Structural Fate of the CTD
Antigenic Structure and Immunological Fate
Natural VLPs
Chimeric VLPs
Genetic Fusions
HBc
Insertion Sites
WHc and Others
Functionalization and Chemical Coupling
Vaccines
Natural VLPs
Genetic Fusions
Chemical Coupling
Packaging
Targeting and Delivery
A Target for Antivirals
Nanomaterials
Nackednaviruses
Epilogue
Improving Virus Taxonomy
Comparative Description of the Existing VLP Scaffolds
Looking for Novel Scaffolds
Exploring Novel Issues
Pandemic Challenges and New Developments
Name Index
Subject Index
Online References
