Viruses do not behave as other microbes; their life cycles require infecting healthy cells, commandeering their cellular apparatus, replicating and then killing the host cell. Methods for virus detection and identification have been developed only in the past few decades. These recently developed methods include molecular, physical, and proteomic techniques. All these approaches (Electron Microscopy, Molecular, Direct Counting, and Mass Spectrometry Proteomics) to detection and identification are reviewed in this succinct volume. It is written in approachable language with enough detail for trained professionals to follow and want to recommend to others.
Key Features
Covers common detection methods
Reviews the history of detection from antiquity to the present
Documents the strengths and weaknesses of various detection methods
Describes how to detect newly discovered viruses
Recommends specific applications for clinical, hospital, environmental, and public health uses
Author(s): Charles H. Wick
Series: Pocket Guides to Biomedical Sciences
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 157
City: Boca Raton
Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Series Editor Introduction
Pocket Guides to Biomedical Sciences
Preface
Acknowledgments
Author Biography
List of Abbreviations and Glossary
Chapter 1 Civilization and Disease
Chapter 2 Microbes, Fungi, Bacteria, and Viruses
2.1 Fungi
2.1.1 What is a fungus?
2.1.2 How are fungi detected/classified?
2.2 Bacteria
2.2.1 What are bacteria?
2.2.2 How are bacteria detected and classified?
2.3 Viruses
2.3.1 What are viruses?
2.3.2 How are viruses detected and classified?
Chapter 3 Indirect Methods of Detecting Viruses
3.1 Introduction
Chapter 4 Electron Microscopy
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Transmission electron microscopy
4.2.1 How does TEM work?
4.2.2 How do you use electron microscopy?
4.2.3 How do you identify a new virus?
4.3 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
4.3.1 How does scanning electron microscopy work?
4.3.2 How do you use scanning electron microscopy?
4.3.3 How do you identify a new virus?
4.4 Illustrations of viruses based on TEM and SEM visualizations
Chapter 5 Molecular Methods for Detecting Viruses
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
5.2.1 How do you add new viruses?
5.2.1.1 Examples of PCR instruments
5.3 Discussion of PCR methods
5.4 Antibody methods
5.4.1 Detecting viruses using antibodies and how do they work?
5.5 How do you add new viruses to the antibody method of detection?
Chapter 6 Direct Virus Counting Methods, Such as IVDS
6.1 Introduction
6.2 How does direct counting work?
6.3 How do you identify a new virus with direct counting?
6.4 Why IVDS was invented
6.5 Flow chart showing how to use IVDS for virus detection
6.6 The recommended uses of IVDS
6.7 Improving the sensitivity of IVDS (concentration and accumulation)
6.8 An example – following COVID-19 through 5 days and then a 3-month follow-up
6.9 PCR and IVDS compared
6.10 Summary of the fielded IVDS
Chapter 7 Mass Spectrometry Proteomic (MSP) Method
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Ion mobility and various types of mass analyzers
7.2.1 Using the electrospray ionization (ESI) method in detecting viruses
7.3 How do MSP methods work for biological detection?
7.4 Detection and identification of viruses using MSP
7.5 Examples of viruses detected by MSP methods using ABOid
7.5.1 African swine fever virus (ASFV) – Variola porcina
7.5.2 Alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1)
7.5.3 Camelpox virus (CMLV)
7.5.4 Cercopithecine herpesvirus 5 (CeHV-5)
7.5.5 Goatpox virus Pellor (GTPV)
7.5.6 Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV)
7.5.7 Monkeypox virus Zaire-96-I-16 (MPV)
7.5.8 Sheeppox virus
7.5.9 Vaccinia virus (VACV)
7.5.10 Variola virus (VARV)
7.5.11 Discussion of viruses detected by MSP and ABOid
7.6 Adding new viruses using MSP
7.7 Coronavirus detection including SARS
7.7.1 Coronaviruses
7.7.2 National average for coronavirus
7.7.2.1 Verifying COVID-19 detection
7.7.2.2 COVID-19 detection discussion
7.8 Summary of MSP-ABOid detection of viruses
Chapter 8 Discussion
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Proven science
8.1.2 Accurate detection
8.1.3 Affordable
8.1.4 Screens for unknown viruses
8.1.5 Ability to detect multiple viruses
8.1.6 Quick results (5–10 min)
8.2 What are the challenges when detecting viruses?
8.2.1 Interference
8.2.2 Sensitivity or trust in a particular technology
8.2.3 Other things
8.3 Clinical
8.3.1 Clinic
8.3.2 Centralized testing center – separate from a hospital
8.3.3 Hospital
8.4 Environmental
8.4.1 Agriculture – insects (bees), plants, and animals
8.4.2 Water
8.4.3 Research
8.5 Use during a pandemic
8.6 Other uses
8.6.1 Public use
8.6.2 Fixed sites
8.6.3 Protecting small high value groups
8.6.4 Protecting small groups
8.6.5 Protecting large groups
References
Index
