Analysts have long noted that some societies have much higher rates of criminal violence than others. The risk of being a victim or a perpetrator of violent crime varies considerably from one individual to another. Some ethnic and racial groups have been reported to have higher rates of violent offending and victimization than other groups in societies with ethnically and racially diverse populations. This series of essays explores the extent and causes of racial and ethnic differences in violent crime in the U.S. and several other contemporary societies.
Author(s): Darnell F. Hawkins
Series: Cambridge Studies in Criminology
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2003
Language: English
Pages: 460
Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 5
Title......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
Contents......Page 9
Contributors......Page 11
Foreword......Page 13
Editor’s Introduction......Page 15
Contexts and Cautions......Page 18
Coverage and Scope of Volume......Page 21
PART I Homicide Studies......Page 31
Introduction......Page 33
Concentrated Poverty Neighborhoods: Environments of Violent Victimization......Page 34
Milwaukee, Wisconsin: A Temporary Target of Economic Dislocation......Page 35
The Microspatial Targets of Investigation......Page 36
Why So Few Comparisons of Levels of Black and Hispanic Victimization?......Page 38
Milwaukee: A Newcomer to High Homicide Victimization......Page 40
Acts of Lethal Violence and Differential Neighborhood Stress Levels......Page 42
Homicide in Target Neighborhoods......Page 46
Victim/Offender Relations......Page 47
Summary and Conclusion......Page 50
CHAPTER TWO Moving Beyond Black and White Violence: African American, Haitian, and Latino Homicides in Miami......Page 52
The Present Study......Page 54
Significance and Background......Page 55
Research Setting......Page 60
Data and Method......Page 61
Results......Page 63
Poisson Results......Page 66
Discussion and Conclusion......Page 69
Future Directions......Page 71
CHAPTER THREE Homicide in Los Angeles County: A Study of Latino Victimization......Page 74
Latinos in the United States......Page 75
Latinos in Los Angeles......Page 76
Research Issues......Page 78
Gangs, Race/Ethnicity, and Male Rates......Page 81
Weapon......Page 83
Method......Page 84
Results......Page 85
Race/Ethnicity and Gender Rates......Page 86
Weapons......Page 91
Precipitating Events......Page 92
Conclusions......Page 93
Weapons and Precipitating Circumstances......Page 95
Introduction......Page 97
Previous City-Level Homicide Research......Page 98
Houston and Twentieth-Century Homicide......Page 99
Economic Indicators of Homicide Risk......Page 102
Houston Yesterday and Today......Page 103
Steps in the Analysis......Page 112
Characteristics of Houston Homicide over Time......Page 113
Summary......Page 117
Introduction......Page 119
Data Sources......Page 123
Measures......Page 124
Analysis Plan......Page 127
Results......Page 130
Discussion and Conclusion......Page 134
Appendix......Page 139
PART II Other Contexts, Settings, and Forms of Violence......Page 145
CHAPTER SIX Sanction Effects, Violence, and Native North American Street Youth......Page 147
Origins and Elaborations of the Labeling Approach......Page 150
Labeling, Street Youth, and Aboriginal Involvement in Crime......Page 153
Studying Sanctioning Effects Among Aboriginal Youth......Page 156
Results......Page 160
Discussion......Page 165
Introduction......Page 168
Method......Page 172
Results......Page 176
Discussion......Page 180
Introduction......Page 184
The Extent and Nature of Racist Victimization......Page 186
Racist Offending: from Profiling to Explanation......Page 190
Responses to Racist Violence......Page 194
Racist Violence in England and Wales after the Lawrence Inquiry......Page 198
Conclusion......Page 199
The Scope of the Problem......Page 201
Part Two: Racial Dimensions of Battering......Page 206
Black Female Suicidality: An Illustration of Coercive Control......Page 215
The Battered Woman’s Shelter......Page 217
PART III. Explaining the Dynamics of Woman Battering Among Blacks......Page 218
Conclusions......Page 225
Introduction......Page 228
A Different Approach......Page 233
Conclusion......Page 239
PART III Explaining Racial and Ethnic Differences......Page 241
Racial Differences in Violence......Page 243
Explaining Racial Differences......Page 246
The Pittsburgh Youth Study......Page 248
Explanatory Variables......Page 252
Official and Reported Violence......Page 254
Predictors of Violence......Page 255
Multivariate Analyses......Page 257
Ethnicity and Risk Factors......Page 261
Conclusions......Page 264
CHAPTER TWELVE “Race Effects” and Conceptual Ambiguity in Violence Research: Bringing Inequality Back In......Page 268
Dominant Perspectives on Race/Ethnicity and Violence......Page 269
Theoretical Reconceptualization......Page 274
Conclusion......Page 280
CHAPTER THIRTEEN The Violent Black Male: Conceptions of Race in Criminological Theories......Page 284
Literature Review: Explaining Race Differences in Violence......Page 287
Critique......Page 298
Conclusions......Page 308
Introduction......Page 310
The Problem......Page 311
The Scholarly Heritage of Structural and Cultural Perspectives on Race and Violence......Page 313
New Theoretical Directions: Combining Structure and Culture......Page 315
Dysfunctional Cultural Adaptations......Page 321
Routine Activities in the Streets......Page 326
Definition of the Situation......Page 327
Overview and Conclusions......Page 328
CHAPTER FIFTEEN A Cultural Psychology Framework for the Study of African-American Morality and Violence......Page 333
CHAPTER SIXTEEN Racial Discrimination and Violence: A Longitudinal Perspective......Page 349
The Setting......Page 353
Method and Measurement......Page 354
Results......Page 356
Summary and Discussion......Page 359
Introduction......Page 361
Southern Violence......Page 362
Passion, Violence, and Self-Control......Page 364
Honor and Its Meaning......Page 365
Honor and Class in the South......Page 366
Gentility and the Southern Gentleman......Page 368
Violence and the Lower-Class White Male......Page 372
Masculinity and the Southern Male......Page 373
Southern Honor and Black Rapists......Page 375
A Contemporary Culture of Honor......Page 376
Conclusions......Page 382
References......Page 385
Author Index......Page 439
Subject Index......Page 453
