"Vasculitis refers to diseases that cause blood vessel walls to thicken and narrow, cutting off blood supply to tissues and organs. Vasculitis encapsulates several conditions, and the cause of vasculitis is often unknown. This book explores various formsof vasculitis and options for treatment. Chapter One includes a detailed description of giant cell arteritis, a form of vasculitis involving inflammation of the middle and large arteries, including the latest management strategies. Chapter Two concerns different types of vasculitis affecting the lungs, their signs and symptoms, treatment, and complications needed for diagnosis. Chapter Three deals with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, a multisystemic necrotizing vasculitis characterized by allergic rhinitis, asthma, and peripheral eosinophilia. Chapter Four describes the common pathophysiology and cardiovascular complications arising in different vasculidities. Chapter Five reviews the pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnostic investigation, and treatment of infection etiologies of Herpesviridae associated with vasculitis. Chapter Six elucidates the impact of vasculitis on the gastrointestinal system. Chapter Seven explains hypocomplementic urticarial vasculitis syndrome, defined as presence of greater than six months of urticaria along with hypocomplementemia and multi-system manifestations such as recurrent abdominal pain, uveitis, arthralgia and glomerulonephritis. Chapter Eight explicates the use of biologics in treating rheumatology disorders, with rituximab being recommended in organ-threatening, refractory systemic lupus erythematosus. Lastly, Chapter Nine discusses the pathophysiology and adverse effects of adenoviral vector vaccinations for SARS-CoV-2 and the importance of identifying the true epidemiology of adverse outcomes regarding promoting increased acceptance of COVID-19 vaccinations, while stressing that despite the possibility of adverse outcomes, the benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks of remaining unvaccinated"--
Author(s): Roger M. Brown
Series: Rheumatism and Musculoskeletal Disorders
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 287
City: New York
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1
Giant Cell Arteritis
Abstract
Introduction
Epidemiology
Pathology and Pathophysiology
Signs and Symptoms
Investigations
Temporal Artery Biopsy
Ultrasonography (USG)
MRI
PET
Treatment
Methotrexate
Interleukin-Receptor Blocking Agents
Tocilizumab
Additional Comments on Treatment
New Treatment Developments
Conclusion
Disclaimer
References
Chapter 2
Pulmonary Complications of Vasculitis
Abstract
Introduction
Classification and Nomenclature
Prevalence
Pathophysiology
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Large-Vessel Vasculitis
Giant Cell Arteritis
5.1.2. Takayasu Arteritis
Medium-Vessel Vasculitis
Polyarteritis Nodosa
Kawasaki Disease
Small-Vessel Vasculitis
ANCA-Associated Vasculitis
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Microscopic Polyangiitis
Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Immune Complex Small Vessel Vasculitis
Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Antibody Disease
IgA Vasculitis
Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis
Hypocomplimentemic Urticarial Vasculitis
Variable-Vessel Vasculitis
Behçet Disease
Vasculitis due to Systemic Disease and Other Causes
Necrotizing Sarcoid Granulomatosis
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Related Vasculitis
Rheumatoid Arthritis-Related Vasculitis
Coronavirus Disease 2019-Related Vasculitis
Drug-Induced Pulmonary Vasculitis
Conclusion
References
Chapter 3
Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Abstract
Introduction
History
Epidemiology
Etiology
Immune Dysfunction
Genetic Factors
Drug-Related Factors
Pathophysiology
Eosinophil Mediated Tissue Injury
ANCA Mediated Tissue Injury
Histopathology
Clinical Presentation
Organ System Involvement
Upper Respiratory Tract and Pulmonary Manifestations
Gastrointestinal Involvement
Skin Involvement
Renal Involvement
Cardiovascular Involvement
Neurologic Involvement
Musculoskeletal Involvement
Thromboembolic Disease
Lymphadenopathy
Investigations
Initial Investigations
Post-Diagnostic Evaluation
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4
Cardiovascular Complications of Vasculitis
Abstract
Introduction
Pathophysiology of Complications in Vasculitides
Large Vessel Vasculitis
Giant Cell Arteritis
Takayasu Arteritis
Medium Vessel Vasculitis
Polyarteritis Nodosa
Kawasaki Disease
Small Vessel Vasculitis
Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis
Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Microscopic Polyangiitis
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Variable Vessel Vasculitis
Conclusion
References
Chapter 5
Cerebral Vasculitides Associated with Central Nervous System Herpesviridae Infection
Abstract
Introduction
Pathophysiology
Clinical and Imaging Manifestations of Herpes Virus Infection-Related Vasculopathy
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2
Varicella Zoster Virus
Diagnosis of CNS Infection of Herpes Virus
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2
Varicella Zoster Virus
Treatment
Prognosis
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6
Gastrointestinal Complications of Vasculitis
Abstract
Introduction
Large-Vessel Vasculitis
Medium-Vessel Vasculitis
Small-Vessel Vasculitis
Variable-Vessel Vasculitis
Single-Organ Vasculitis
Vasculitis Associated with Systemic Disease
Clinical Presentation
Diagnostic Evaluation
Treatment and Management
Conclusion
References
Chapter 7
Hypocomplementic Urticarial Vasculitis Syndrome
Abstract
Introduction
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical Presentation
Cutaneous Manifestations
Extra-Cutaneous Manifestations
Joints
Pulmonary Manifestations
Renal Manifestations
Gastrointestinal Manifestations
Ocular Manifestations
Cardiovascular Manifestations
Neurologic Manifestations
Diagnosis
Management
Prognosis
Conclusion
References
Chapter 8
Pulmonary Capillaritis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Selection of Patients
Collection of Data
Review of Literature
Statistical Analyses
Results
Discussion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 9
Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis as a Complication of COVID-19 Vaccination
Abstract
Introduction
Background
CVST Excluding COVID-19
Epidemiology of CVST during COVID-19
Epidemiology of CVST/VITT after COVID-19 Infection
Versus Vaccination
Risk Factors for VITT/CVST
Pathophysiology
SARS-CoV-2 and Human Immune Response
COVID-19 Vaccination and the Human Immune Response
Adverse Effects of Vaccination
Clinical Features of CVST
Spectrum of Thromboses after Vaccination
Management of VITT
Diagnosis
Treatment
Future Research
Conclusion
References
Index
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