This book focuses on geospatial information in living spaces, providing many examples of its collection and use as well as discussing the problems of how it is used and its future prospects.Geospatial information science is in the process of evolving and being systematized, with the technical and usage aspects of the real world stimulating each other. This book systematizes the technical aspects of positioning; of geography, which manages and represents what is measured in units of earth coordinates; and of data science, which aims to efficiently express and process geographic information, all by introducing contemporary examples that are systematized with regard to their use in our living spaces. Examples of geospatial information used in almost all aspects of our lives, including urban areas, transportation, disaster prevention, health and medical care, agriculture, forestry and fisheries, culture, ecology, and topography, are presented, along with examples of their use in each area. One of the major features of this book is that it describes the use of data from earthquake disasters that is unique to Japan, as well as the use of open data and personal data in Japan, which is a trend that is gaining attention in many countries.
In this way the book systematically describes events and circumstances in living spaces that are revealed by the expression and analysis of geospatial data, with case studies and discusses their use in the IoT era.
Author(s): Yoshihide Sekimoto, Yasuhiro Kawahara
Series: New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives, 65
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 176
City: Singapore
Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Chapter 1: Fundamentals and Applications of Geospatial Information
1.1 Geospatial Information
1.1.1 Use of Geospatial Information
1.1.2 Coordinates of the Earth
1.1.3 Geodetic System of Japan
1.1.4 Surveying and Positioning
1.2 Utilization in Various Fields
1.2.1 Utilization in Urban Facilities and Land Management
1.2.2 Utilization in Transportation Systems and Moving Objects
1.2.3 Use in Crime Prevention
1.2.4 Utilization in Health and Medical Care
1.2.5 Utilization in Disasters
1.2.6 Applications in Agriculture, Forestry, and Marine Management
1.2.7 Application in Behavior, Ecology, and Cultural Property Survey
Reference
Part I: Expression of Geospatial Information
Chapter 2: Base Map Development and Surveying in Japan
2.1 Modern Surveying by National Agencies in Japan
2.2 Surveying Latitude, Longitude, and Elevation in Japan
2.3 Development of Surveying Technology and Satellites in Japan
2.4 GSI Maps: Digitization of Topographic Maps and Web-Based Applications
2.5 Web-Based Map Services and Utilization of Old Japanese Maps
2.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 3: Various Representations and Processing Techniques of Geospatial Information: Appropriate Control of Big Data Behind
3.1 Basic Representation of Geospatial Information
3.1.1 Graphics and Attributes
3.1.2 Overlaying by Layers
3.1.3 Software to Operate Geospatial Information
3.2 Processing Technology for Geospatial Information
3.2.1 Processing Technology
3.2.2 Search Technology
3.2.3 Metadata Creation Technologies for the Web
3.2.4 Map Tiling Technology for the Web
3.3 Representation of Moving Objects Including Time and International Standardization
3.3.1 What Is Spatio-Temporal Information?
3.3.2 Large-Scale Data Processing Technology
3.3.3 Standardization of Geospatial Information
3.4 Conclusion
References
Part II: Mobile Communications and Positioning
Chapter 4: Ground-Based and Space-Based Positioning
4.1 Satellite-Based Positioning
4.1.1 History of Radio Navigation
4.1.2 GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System)
4.1.3 Corrective Positioning
4.1.4 Quasi-Zenith Satellite System
4.2 Ground-Based Positioning
4.2.1 Types of Wireless Positioning
4.2.2 Wireless Positioning Applications
4.2.3 Dead Reckoning (xDR)
4.2.4 Indoor Positioning
References
Chapter 5: Observation from Space: Remote Sensing
5.1 What Is Remote Sensing?
5.1.1 Satellite Remote Sensing
5.1.2 History of Remote Sensing
5.2 Earth Observation Satellite
5.2.1 Sensor Type
5.2.2 Orbits of Earth Observation Satellites
5.2.3 Application Fields of Remote Sensing
5.3 New Era of Satellite Remote Sensing
5.3.1 New Business Through Remote Sensing Technology
5.3.2 Use of Small Satellites
5.3.3 Satellite Constellation
5.4 Summary
Part III: Utilization of Geospatial Information in Daily Life
Chapter 6: Applications in Urban Facility and Land Management: From Urban Facility Management to Smart Cities
6.1 Urban Facility Management Starting from Underground Facilities
6.1.1 History Starting from Gas Explosion
6.1.2 Road Management Information
6.1.3 Data on Various Urban Facilities
6.2 To Grasp Buildings and Land
6.2.1 Understanding Property Taxes
6.2.2 For Transparency and Revitalization of Real Estate Transactions
6.2.3 Understanding the Age of Buildings for Disaster Prevention
6.3 For Urban Planning
6.3.1 Basic Urban Planning Survey
6.3.2 For Solving Various Urban Issues
6.3.3 Sharing City Data Between Citizens and Officials
6.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: Applications in Transportation Systems and Mobile Devices: Capturing the Movement of People
7.1 Use in Transportation Systems
7.1.1 Use in Road Transportation Systems
7.1.2 Use in Railroad Systems
7.1.3 Use in Bus Systems
7.2 Use in the Flow of People
7.2.1 Reproduction of People Flow in Urban Areas Using Person Trip Survey Data
7.2.2 Utilization of GPS and Base Station Usage Data of Mobile Terminals
7.2.3 The Suica Incident and the Concept of Personal Information
7.2.4 Positioning of Location Information
7.2.5 For Proactive Use
7.3 Future People Mobility and Transportation Systems
7.3.1 MaaS System Using Smart Phones
7.3.2 Automated Driving and High-Precision Maps
7.3.3 People Mobility and Behavior Change
7.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: Applications in Crime Prevention
8.1 A Brief History of the Use of Maps in Crime Research
8.1.1 Crime Mapping
8.1.2 Introduction of Computers into Crime Analysis
8.1.3 Applications for Safety and Security of Neighborhood Communities
8.2 Various Applications of Geospatial Information in Crime Prevention
8.2.1 Visualization of Crime Occurrence
8.2.2 Environmental Factors Related to Crime Risk
8.2.3 Geographic Crime Prediction
8.3 Summary
References
Chapter 9: Applications in Health and Healthcare
9.1 Spatial Distribution of Diseases
9.1.1 Disease Maps
9.1.2 Spatial Diffusion of Disease
9.1.3 Spatial Surveillance of Disease
9.2 Locations of Healthcare Facilities and Services
9.2.1 Demand Prediction for Healthcare Facilities and Services
9.2.2 Accessibility to Healthcare Facilities and Services
9.3 Human Health and Environments
9.3.1 Potential Associations Between Human Health and Environments
9.3.2 Physical Environments and Health
9.3.3 Broader Concept of the Living Environments and Health
9.4 Summary
References
Chapter 10: Application in Times of Disaster: Through the Great Hanshin Earthquake, the Great East Japan Earthquake, and COVID...
10.1 Lessons from the Great Hanshin Earthquake
10.1.1 Geographic Information Utilization in Disasters Has Begun in Earnest
10.1.2 Government System in Place
10.2 The Great East Japan Earthquake
10.2.1 Emergency Phase
10.2.2 Recovery Phase
10.2.3 Preservation of Long-Term Memories
10.3 Preparing for COVID-19 and Future Catastrophes
10.3.1 Utilization of Human Flow in COVID-19
10.3.2 Improvement of Measurement Technology for Natural Disasters
10.3.3 Improvement of Simulation Technology
10.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11: Utilization in Agriculture, Forestry, and Marine Management
11.1 Agriculture
11.1.1 Growth Monitoring
11.1.2 Orchards and Golf Courses
11.2 Forestry
11.2.1 Forest Monitoring
11.2.2 Bamboo Forest
11.3 Maritimes Management
11.3.1 Vessel Monitoring
11.3.2 Coral Reefs
11.3.3 Fish Group Exploration
11.4 Summary
Chapter 12: Utilization in Behavior, Ecology, and Cultural Property Surveys
12.1 Mobile Sensing
12.1.1 Mobile Computing
12.1.2 Human Sensing
12.1.3 Human Probes
12.2 Biologging
12.2.1 Recording Wildlife Information
12.2.2 Data logger
12.2.3 Biologging on Land, in the Sea, and Air
12.3 Use of Geospatial Information in Cultural Property Surveys
12.3.1 Measured Drawings of Archaeological Remains
12.3.2 Various Surveying and GIS
References
Chapter 13: International Applications
13.1 Global Issues
13.1.1 SDGs and Space Technologies
13.1.2 Global Warming
13.1.3 Climate Change
13.1.4 COVID-19
13.1.5 Forest Fires
13.1.6 Malaria
13.2 International Cooperation in Times of Disaster
13.2.1 International Disaster Charter
13.2.2 Sentinel Asia
13.3 Summary
References
Part IV: Open Data and Personal Data in the Use of Geospatial Information
Chapter 14: The Advent of a Participatory Data Society and the Usage of Open Data
14.1 Data Sharing Through User Participation
14.1.1 Crowdsourcing
14.1.2 Participatory Mapping
14.1.3 Volunteered Geographic Information
14.2 Grassroots Sharing and Practice of Geospatial Information
14.2.1 OpenStreetMap
14.2.2 Crisis Mapping Activity
14.2.3 Mapillary: Web-Based Service for Sharing Street Landscape Images
14.3 Open Data and Geospatial Information
14.3.1 Open Data and Utilization for Geospatial Information
14.3.2 Utilization of Data Through Citizen Collaboration for Open Government
14.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 15: Future Geospatial Information in Harmony with Advanced Technology and Human Life
15.1 Various Advanced Measurement Technologies
15.1.1 Sophistication of Measurement and Control from the Air
15.1.2 Advancement of Ground-Based Measurement and Control
15.1.3 Measurement of People´s Behavior
15.2 Diffusion of Artificial Intelligence Technology and Beyond
15.2.1 Breakthroughs in Deep Learning and the Importance of Data
15.2.2 Pseudo Data Generation (Fake Data) Using GAN
15.2.3 Toward a Truly Collaborative Society that Raises the Awareness of Citizens
15.3 For the Betterment of Society
15.4 Conclusion
References
