Move through the basics of collecting and understanding statistical data in a step-by-step process accompanied by relevant examples taken from real situations with Using and Interpreting Statistics
Author(s): Eric W. Corty
Publisher: Worth Publishers/Macmillan Learning
Year: 2016
Language: English
Commentary: ---PDF (Conv)---
Pages: 1355
Tags: Statistics
Preface......Page 16
Acknowledgments......Page 26
PART I Basic Concepts......Page 34
Chapter 1Introduction to Statistics......Page 36
1.1 The Purpose of Statistics......Page 37
1.2 Experiments and Variables......Page 44
1.3 Levels of Measurement......Page 62
1.4 The Language of Statistics......Page 74
1.5 Statistical Notation and Rounding......Page 77
DIY......Page 83
Application Demonstration......Page 84
Key Terms......Page 88
Chapter Exercises......Page 90
Chapter 2Frequency Distributions......Page 107
2.1 Frequency Distributions......Page 108
2.2 Discrete Numbers and Continuous Numbers......Page 127
2.3 Graphing Frequency Distributions......Page 134
2.4 Shapes of Frequency Distributions......Page 146
DIY......Page 153
Application Demonstration......Page 156
DIY......Page 160
Key Terms......Page 161
Chapter Exercises......Page 162
SPSS......Page 170
Chapter 3Measures of Central Tendency and Variability......Page 185
3.1 Central Tendency......Page 186
3.2 Variability......Page 201
Application Demonstration......Page 215
DIY......Page 217
Key Terms......Page 218
Chapter Exercises......Page 219
SPSS......Page 226
Chapter 4Standard Scores, the Normal Distribution, and Probability......Page 235
4.1 Standard Scores (z Scores)......Page 236
4.2 The Normal Distribution......Page 245
4.3 Percentile Ranks......Page 263
4.4 Probability......Page 269
Application Demonstration......Page 279
Summary......Page 282
Key Terms......Page 283
Chapter Exercises......Page 284
SPSS......Page 292
Chapter 5Sampling and Confidence Intervals......Page 301
5.1 Sampling and Sampling Error......Page 302
5.2 Sampling Distributions and the Central Limit Theorem......Page 314
5.3 The 95% Confidence Interval for a Population Mean......Page 329
Application Demonstration......Page 337
DIY......Page 340
Key Terms......Page 341
Chapter Exercises......Page 342
SPSS......Page 347
PART I Test Your Knowledge......Page 353
PART II One- and Two-Sample Difference Tests......Page 362
Chapter 6Introduction to Hypothesis Testing......Page 364
6.1 The Logic of Hypothesis Testing......Page 365
6.2 Hypothesis Testing in Action......Page 369
6.3 Type I Error, Type II Error, Beta, and Power......Page 395
Application Demonstration......Page 410
DIY......Page 411
Key Terms......Page 412
Chapter Exercises......Page 414
SPSS......Page 424
Chapter 7The Single-Sample t Test......Page 428
7.1 Calculating the Single-Sample t Test......Page 429
7.2 Interpreting the Single-Sample t Test......Page 448
Application Demonstration......Page 472
Summary......Page 476
Chapter Exercises......Page 478
Key Terms......Page 477
SPSS......Page 488
Chapter 8Independent-Samples t Test......Page 500
8.1 Types of Two-Sample t Tests......Page 502
8.2 Calculating the Independent-Samples t Test......Page 506
8.3 Interpreting the Independent-Samples t Test......Page 523
Application Demonstration......Page 533
Key Terms......Page 536
Chapter Exercises......Page 537
SPSS......Page 549
Chapter 9The Paired-Samples t Test......Page 561
9.1 Paired Samples......Page 562
9.2 Calculating the Paired-Samples t Test......Page 565
9.3 Interpreting the Paired-Samples t Test......Page 578
Application Demonstration......Page 590
Key Terms......Page 595
Chapter Exercises......Page 596
SPSS......Page 605
PART II Test Your Knowledge......Page 613
PART III Analysis of Variance......Page 620
Chapter 10Between-Subjects, One-Way Analysis of Variance......Page 622
10.1 Introduction to Analysis of Variance......Page 623
10.2 Calculating Between-Subjects, One-Way ANOVA......Page 635
10.3 Interpreting Between-Subjects, One-Way ANOVA......Page 663
Application Demonstration......Page 676
Key Terms......Page 681
Chapter Exercises......Page 682
SPSS......Page 697
Chapter 11One-Way, Repeated-Measures ANOVA......Page 708
11.1 Introduction to Repeated-Measures ANOVA......Page 709
11.2 Calculating One-Way, Repeated-Measures ANOVA......Page 717
11.3 Interpreting One-Way, Repeated-Measures ANOVA......Page 730
Application Demonstration......Page 742
Key Terms......Page 749
Chapter Exercises......Page 750
SPSS......Page 763
Appendix: Calculating Sums of Squares for One-Way Repeated-Measures ANOVA......Page 770
Chapter 12Between-Subjects, Two-Way Analysis of Variance......Page 775
12.1 Introduction to Two-Way ANOVA......Page 776
12.2 Calculating a Between-Subjects, Two-Way ANOVA......Page 789
12.3 Interpreting a Between-Subjects, Two-Way ANOVA......Page 809
Application Demonstration......Page 825
Summary......Page 828
DIY......Page 829
Chapter Exercises......Page 830
SPSS......Page 845
Appendix: Calculating Sums of Squares for Between-Subjects, Two-Way ANOVA......Page 853
PART III Test Your Knowledge......Page 858
PART IV Correlation, Regression, and Nonparametric Statistical Tests......Page 863
Chapter 13The Pearson Correlation Coefficient......Page 865
13.1 Introduction to the Pearson Correlation Coefficient......Page 866
13.2 Calculating the Pearson Correlation Coefficient......Page 898
13.3 Interpreting the Pearson Correlation Coefficient......Page 917
13.4 Calculating a Partial Correlation......Page 935
Application Demonstration......Page 938
Key Terms......Page 941
Chapter Exercises......Page 943
SPSS......Page 960
Chapter 14Simple and Multiple Linear Regression......Page 973
14.1 Simple Linear Regression......Page 974
14.2 Errors in Regression......Page 993
14.3 Multiple Regression......Page 998
Application Demonstration......Page 1002
Key Terms......Page 1005
Chapter Exercises......Page 1007
SPSS......Page 1013
Chapter 15Nonparametric Statistical Tests: Chi-Square......Page 1022
15.1 Introduction to Nonparametric Tests......Page 1023
15.2 The Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test......Page 1024
15.3 Calculating the Chi-Square Test of Independence......Page 1044
15.4 Interpreting the Chi-Square Test of Independence......Page 1058
15.5 Other Nonparametric Tests......Page 1066
Application Demonstration......Page 1071
Key Terms......Page 1075
Chapter Exercises......Page 1076
SPSS......Page 1091
Chapter 16Selecting the Right Statistical Test......Page 1102
16.1 Review of Statistical Tasks......Page 1103
16.2 Descriptive Statistics......Page 1107
16.3 Hypothesis Tests I: Difference Tests......Page 1116
16.4 Hypothesis Tests II: Relationship Tests......Page 1121
Application Demonstration......Page 1124
Key Terms......Page 1126
Chapter Exercises......Page 1127
SPSS......Page 1135
PART IV Test Your Knowledge......Page 1144
Table 1: z Scores......Page 1149
Table 2: Random Number Table......Page 1161
Table 3: Critical Values of t......Page 1162
Table 4a: Critical Values of F, α = .05......Page 1164
Table 4b: Critical Values of F, α = .01......Page 1167
Table 5a: Studentized Range (q) Values, α = .05......Page 1169
Table 5b: Studentized Range (q) Values, α = .01......Page 1170
Table 6: Critical Values of r......Page 1171
Table 8: Fisher’s z to r Transformation......Page 1173
Table 9: Power for a Given N and a Given Observed or Hypothesized Correlation Value, α = .05, Two-Tailed......Page 1174
Table 10: Critical Values of Chi-Square......Page 1177
Appendix B Solutions to Odd-Numbered End-of-Chapter Exercises......Page 1179
Appendix C Solutions to Practice Problems......Page 1254
Appendix D Solutions to Part Tests......Page 1287
Glossary......Page 1300
References......Page 1312
Index......Page 1315
