Urban Mountain Waterscapes in Leh, Indian Trans-Himalaya: The Transformation of Hydro-Social Relations

Preface
Contents
Abbreviations
Summary
Kurzzusammenfassung
Résumé
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Human-Water Relations in Urbanising High Mountain Towns
1.2 Objectives and Research Questions
1.3 Structure of the Book
References
Chapter 2: Perspectives on Hydro-Social Relations in Urban Mountain Contexts
2.1 Integrative Approaches for Understanding Human-Environment Relations
2.1.1 Theoretical Foundations for Disrupting Dichotomies
2.1.2 Urban Political Ecology
2.2 Waterscapes
2.3 Hydromentalities
2.4 Water Citizenships
2.5 Urban Mountain Waterscapes: An Integrative Analytical Framework
References
Chapter 3: Research Design
3.1 Methodological Triangulation
3.2 Standardised Household Survey
3.3 Qualitative Interviews
3.4 Ethnographic Methods
3.5 Participatory Photography
3.6 Additional Data
3.6.1 Document Collection
3.6.2 Water Testing
3.6.3 Mapping
3.6.4 Statistical Data
3.6.5 Town Hall Meeting
3.7 Data Analysis
3.7.1 Household Survey
3.7.2 Qualitative Methods
3.8 Reflexivity of the Research Process
References
Chapter 4: Socio-Environmental Context of Urban Waterscapes in Leh
4.1 Environmental and Hydrological Setting
4.1.1 Geomorphology
4.1.2 Climate
4.1.3 Hydrology
4.1.4 Natural Hazards
4.2 Social Environments in Ladakh
4.2.1 Ladakhi Society
Religion
Social Stratification and Organisation
4.2.2 Agricultural Livelihoods and Water Use
4.2.3 Urban Development in Ladakh: A Historical Perspective
The Kingdom of Ladakh
British Colonialism and Indian Independence
4.2.4 Post-Colonial Development and Contemporary Ladakh
Geopolitical Relevance
Administration and Politics
Economy
References
Chapter 5: Urbanisation and the Impact on Water Use in Leh
5.1 Urbanisation Characteristics in Ladakh
5.1.1 Urbanisation Dynamics
Urban Population Growth
Rural-Urban Migration
Spatio-Temporal Urbanisation Patterns
5.1.2 Drivers of Rural-Urban Migration
Family Reasons
Employment
Education
Urban Socio-cultural Lifestyles
5.2 The Spatiality of Hydro-Social Relations
5.2.1 Hydrogeological and Historical Disparities of Water Access
5.2.2 Employed Infrastructures
5.2.3 Water Use Patterns and Access from a Socio-spatial Perspective
Agricultural Irrigation
Domestic Water Use
Commercial Water Use
5.2.4 Impacts of Urbanisation and Economic Development on Water Use
Changes in Water Availability
Impacts on Water Quality
5.3 Water Governance: Negotiations Between Different Actors
5.3.1 The Arena of Actors in the Urban Mountain Waterscape
5.3.2 Local Population: Changing Livelihoods and Concerns About the Future
5.3.3 Governmental Institutions: Development Strategies
Water Governance on a Regional Scale: LAHDC
Water Governance on a Supra-regional Scale: UIDSSMT
5.3.4 Tourism Sector: Profit and Adaptation
5.3.5 Civil Society: Counter Discourses
Alternative Development Paths
Cooperation Between the LAHDC and the Civil Society
5.3.6 Criticism of Urban Water Governance
Shortcomings of Governmental Water Management
Deficiencies of the UIDSSMT Scheme
5.3.7 Amplifying Socio-spatial Inequalities Through Current Water Governance?
References
Chapter 6: The Uneven Waterscape of Leh
6.1 Discussion
6.1.1 Urbanisation and Water in Leh: Characterising the Urban Mountain Waterscape
6.1.2 Governing the Waterscape: The Confluence of the Different Actors’ Hydromentalities
6.1.3 The Creation of Uneven Water Citizenships
6.1.4 The Case of Leh as an Example for Urbanisation Impacting Water Use in High Mountains of South Asia
6.1.5 Reflection of the Applied Approach to Studying Hydro-Social Relations in High Mountain Regions
6.2 Conclusion
6.2.1 Synthesis of Results
6.2.2 Limitations of the Study and Future Directions of Research
References
Glossary
Index