The legacies of a century of fossil-fuel based development and overconsumption, of treating the environment as a waste sink for industry and agriculture, have left devastating impacts on the earth's air, water and land, and these are directly implicated in Climate Change. In response, a number of global institutions and nations, including the European Union and China, have committed themselves to the development of a ‘circular economy'. This will require a transformation of today's ‘linear economy' of ‘make, use and dispose' as the market dictates, into a Circular Economy. The aim of the Circular Economy is to decouple economic growth from resource and energy use through iterative, systemic social, economic and technological reform. This book provides scholars working in the many disciplines that relate to this emerging concept through a cross-disciplinary forum, especially in the areas of First Steps: Theory, Policy and Contexts; Improving Resource Efficiency and Reducing Waste; Changing Consumption and Behaviour by Design; and Transforming Technologies of Production. This book presents new theoretical and practical insights into the circular economy concept, based on case studies from both the developing and developed world, with a considerable emphasis on economic and material localization, circularity and 'symbiosis' (the circulation of resources within an industrial context or domain) and social entrepreneurship and innovation.
Author(s): Robert Crocker, Christopher Saint, Guanyi Chen, Yindong Tong
Publisher: Emerald Publishing
Year: 2018
Language: English
Pages: 376
Tags: Waste, Production, Consumption, Circular Economy
Unmaking waste in production and consumption......Page 2
Contents......Page 6
List of Figures......Page 9
List of Tables......Page 12
Preface......Page 14
About the Contributors......Page 16
Introduction......Page 24
References......Page 32
Part I:
History, Theory and Experience......Page 34
Chapter 1:
From ‘Spaceship Earth’ to the Circular Economy: The Problem of Consumption......Page 36
Discovering ‘Spaceship Earth’......Page 37
Back to the Garden: 1960s Environmentalism......Page 39
Designing with Nature......Page 41
Recycling and Reuse......Page 42
The Postwar Political Economy......Page 43
Diminishing Returns and Increasing Volumes......Page 45
Designing the ‘Good Life’......Page 46
Plastics and Furniture......Page 47
Single-Use Products......Page 48
Smart Phones......Page 49
Conclusion......Page 50
References......Page 51
Introduction......Page 58
Economic Thought about Limited Resources......Page 60
Overcoming Market Imperfections – Economic Techniques to Transition to a Circular Economy......Page 62
Changing Behaviour and Changing Incentives......Page 66
Conclusion......Page 67
References......Page 68
Introduction......Page 72
Past-Decade Experiences......Page 73
‘Several Opinions of the State Council on Accelerating
the Development of CE’......Page 74
Inter-Ministerial Joint Conference System......Page 76
CE Promotion Law......Page 78
National Demonstration Bases for CE Education......Page 81
Special Fund for CE Development......Page 82
Typical Experience from National CE Pilot Projects......Page 83
Future Plans......Page 84
Success Stories......Page 85
Conclusions......Page 87
References......Page 88
Introduction to Biosolids......Page 90
Background and Approach......Page 91
Anaerobic Digestion. Although records in Western literature only date back to the seventeenth century AD (Abbasi, Tauseef, & Abbasi, 2012), the production and use of biogas can be traced back to the ancient Assyrians in the Tenth Century BC with the diges......Page 92
Co-digestion. With ongoing improvements in efficiencies of sludge-to-energy conversion processes in WWTPs, energy self-sufficiency can be achieved and maintained purely by digesting sewage. An example of this is the Strass WWTP in Austria, which achieved......Page 93
Liquid Biofuel......Page 94
Agricultural Use......Page 95
Blended and Heat-Treated Products......Page 97
Nutrient Recovery......Page 99
Thermochemical Processes......Page 100
Chemical Precipitation......Page 101
Policies and Legislation......Page 102
Discussion......Page 105
Conclusion......Page 106
References......Page 107
Part II: Consumption, Design and Behaviour......Page 112
Introduction......Page 114
Diverting Waste......Page 115
Interrogating Waste Through Household Disposal......Page 116
An Object-Oriented Perspective......Page 117
Material Mutation......Page 119
Morality of Waste......Page 121
References......Page 123
Introduction......Page 126
Circular Innovation within the Fashion and Textile Sector......Page 128
The Role of the Fashion/Textile Designer......Page 130
‘Circular by Design’ as a Concept......Page 131
Circular by Design Example 1: Extending Material Flow by Reusing Postconsumer Waste......Page 136
Circular by Design Example 2: Extending Material Use through Design for Disassembly......Page 139
Reflection on the ‘Circular by Design’ Canvas......Page 140
Conclusion......Page 141
References......Page 142
Introduction......Page 146
Does the CE Offer a Holistic Approach to Sustainable Consumption?......Page 147
Community-Oriented Consumption......Page 150
Product Service Systems......Page 151
Prosumption......Page 152
Concept of the ByeBuy! Shop and the Four
Consumer Paradigms......Page 153
The CE and the ByeBuy! Shop......Page 154
Swap Shop and Story Exchange – The Power of Stories......Page 155
Slow Market – Making Time......Page 159
Repair Deli –Co-Creating Value......Page 160
Conclusion......Page 161
References......Page 162
Introduction......Page 166
Approach and Methods......Page 168
Role of Social Enterprises in Collection of Used Goods and Materials......Page 169
Engagements with Government and the Corporate Sector......Page 175
Conclusion......Page 177
References......Page 179
Chapter 9:
Developing Measures for the Waste Management Hierarchy: A South Australian Case Study......Page 182
Introduction: Measuring Pro-Environmental or ‘Green’ Behaviour......Page 183
Methods......Page 185
Results and Discussion......Page 187
Variations in Rank or Incidence of Behaviours by Demographics
and Attitudes......Page 189
Predicting Pro-Environmental Behaviours......Page 192
Drivers of Pro-Environmental Behaviour......Page 195
Conclusions and Implications......Page 196
References......Page 197
Part III:
Waste and Resource Recovery......Page 200
Chapter 10:
Australian Regional Waste Footprints*......Page 202
Introduction......Page 203
WIO Models......Page 204
Model Construction Using IE Lab......Page 205
Regional Waste Footprints......Page 206
Discussion and Uncertainty......Page 209
Conclusion......Page 210
References......Page 211
Chapter 11:
Renewing Materials: Implementing
3D Printing and Distributed
Recycling in Samoa......Page 214
Background......Page 215
Field Research......Page 216
Tree of Life......Page 217
Mea Alofa......Page 218
Fa’a Samoa......Page 219
Materials Research and Production Technologies......Page 220
Production......Page 222
3D Printed Turtle Skull Gift – Symbolic......Page 223
Handgrip for a Taro Peeler (asi) – Practical......Page 224
Recycling Lab......Page 227
Creative Pathways......Page 228
Project Planning......Page 229
Conclusion......Page 231
References......Page 233
Chapter 12:
The Current State of Scrap Utilisation
by Thai SMEs......Page 236
Introduction......Page 237
Methodology......Page 238
Findings......Page 240
Conclusion......Page 244
References......Page 245
Introduction......Page 248
The Role of Formal Institutions in Moving Towards the CE......Page 250
ZW in the CE......Page 251
ZW in China and Europe......Page 252
ZW in the Construction Industry......Page 253
Content Analysis......Page 254
Construction Waste Regulations in the Philippines......Page 255
Polluter Pay Principle in Hong Kong......Page 256
Charges for Waste Dumping in the UK......Page 257
Conclusions......Page 258
References......Page 260
Chapter 14:
Municipal Solid Waste Properties in China: A Comparative Study between Beijing, Guangzhou and Lhasa......Page 264
MSW Management in China......Page 265
The Dominant Disposal Technologies......Page 266
MSW Management in Beijing, Guangzhou and Lhasa......Page 269
Physical Composition Comparison of MSW in the
Three Cities......Page 270
Progress of MSW Sorting and Recycling......Page 273
MSW Disposal Technology......Page 275
Conclusion......Page 277
References......Page 278
Part IV:
Technology and Systems Innovation......Page 282
Chapter 15:
Green Manufacturing: From Waste
to Value Added Materials......Page 284
Introduction......Page 285
Materials and Methods......Page 288
Experimental......Page 289
Results and Discussion......Page 291
Fundamentals of Material Structures and Associated Characteristics......Page 292
Waste Polymeric Materials and EAF Slag: Interfacial Phenomena......Page 294
Waste Polymeric Materials and Metal Interfacial Phenomena......Page 295
Industrial Implementation......Page 298
Conclusion......Page 299
References......Page 300
Chapter 16:
Towards an Agile Circular Economy for
the Building Industry......Page 304
Introduction......Page 305
Background......Page 306
Agile Material Systems......Page 307
Agile Fabrication Layer......Page 308
Solution Objectives......Page 309
Design and Development......Page 310
IFC Concepts......Page 311
Mapping the Concepts......Page 312
Specified Type......Page 313
Conclusion......Page 315
References......Page 316
Introduction......Page 318
Rainwater Discharge System Planning for
the Green Campus......Page 320
Rainwater Utilisation Methods in the Central Island Rainwater
Eco-Collection Area......Page 321
The Rain Garden and Grass Swale......Page 322
Natural Erosion Control......Page 323
Mass Balance Analysis of Available Rainwater Runoff and Landscape Water Supplement Demand......Page 324
The Water Quality Conservation System of
the Landscape Waters......Page 325
Constructed Wetland......Page 326
Conclusion......Page 327
References......Page 329
Chapter 18:
Re-Valuing Construction Materials
and Components Through Design
for Disassembly......Page 332
Waste in the Construction Industry......Page 333
Life Expectance of Buildings......Page 334
Energy in the Built Environment......Page 335
Embodied Energy......Page 336
Total Energy......Page 337
Recycling Energy......Page 339
Design for Disassembly......Page 340
Analysis......Page 341
Conclusion......Page 342
References......Page 343
Introduction......Page 346
Background to the Australian Construction Industry......Page 347
Construction in the Circular Economy......Page 348
Bim and Digital Technologies in Construction......Page 349
Prefabrication in Construction......Page 350
Reverse Logistics in Construction......Page 351
Creating Synergy through Saip......Page 353
References......Page 356
Afterword......Page 360
Index......Page 362
