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I THE FATEFUL DECADE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
II JAPANESE CONQUEST OF MANCHURIA 1931 1932 . . . . . . . . . . 4
Attack of September 18, 1931 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
"Non-Recognition" Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Ambassador Grew's Report on Japanese Military Spirit . . . . 6
Condemnation of Japanese Aggression . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
III DISARMAMENT DISCUSSIONS 1932-1934 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Statement of February 1932 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Proposal of May 16, 1933 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Statement of May 22, 1933 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Japanese Denunciation of Naval Treaty of 1922 . . . . . . . . 12
IV WARNINGS OF DANGER 1933-1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Secretary Hull's Conversation With the German Ambassador. . . 13
Consul General Messersmith's Report From Berlin . . . . . . . 13
President Roosevelt's Address of December 28, 1933 . . . . . 14
Acting Commercial Attaché Miller's Report on the Nazis . . . 15
Reported German-Japanese Entente . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Addresses by Secretary Hull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Relations With Japan—1934 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Defeat of Proposed Adherence to World Court . . . . . . . . . 21
Warnings February—June 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Proposed Arms Embargo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Neutrality Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Montevideo Conference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
National Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
V ITALIAN CONQUEST OF ETHIOPIA 1935—1936 . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Italian Preparations for War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Outbreak of War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Secretary Hull's Conversation With the Italian Ambassador . . 32
VI DEVELOPING DANGERS 1936—1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Warnings by President Roosevelt and Secretary Hull . . . . . . 34
Civil Conflict in Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Addresses by President Roosevelt and Secretary Hull . . . . . 37
Japanese Expansion and Attitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
London Naval Conference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
German-Japanese Anti-Comintern Pact . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Inter-American Peace Conference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
National Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
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VII JAPANESE ATTACK ON CHINA 1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
National Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Marco Polo Bridge Incident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Secretary Hull's Statement of Principles . . . . . . . . . . 45
Offer of Good Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
President Roosevelt's "Quarantine" Address . . . . . . . . . 49
Brussels Conference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Panay Incident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
VIII EUROPEAN CRISIS 1938 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
United States Rearmament . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
German Occupation of Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Secretary Hull's Address of March 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Increased Tension in Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Munich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Return of United States Ambassador From Germany . . . . . . . 60
Lima Conference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
IX EUROPEAN WAR 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
United States Rearmament . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Invasion of Czechoslovakia and Albania . . . . . . . . . . . 63
President Roosevelt's Appeal to Hitler and Mussolini . . . . 64
Neutrality Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
August Crisis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Panama Conference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
X EUROPEAN WAR 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
President Roosevelt's Address to Congress January 3 . . . . . 71
Visit of Under Secretary Welles to Europe . . . . . . . . . . 71
German Invasion of Denmark and Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Efforts To Keep Italy out of the War . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
German Invasion of the Low Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
United States Aid to Opponents of Force . . . . . . . . . . . 76
French Appeal to the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Fall of France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Monroe Doctrine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
XI DEFENSE MEASURES OF THE UNITED STATES 1940 . . . . . . . . . 80
President Roosevelt's Request for 50,000 Planes . . . . . . . 80
Secretary Hull's Address of June 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Habana Conference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
"We Cannot Pursue Complacently the Course of Our Customary
Normal Life" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Exchange of Destroyers for Bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Treaty of Alliance Between Germany, Italy, and Japan . . . . 84
Secretary Hull's Address of October 26 . . . . . . . . . . . 85
President Roosevelt's "Arsenal of Democracy" Address . . . . 86
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XII RELATIONS WITH JAPAN 1938-1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Principles of United States Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
"Moral Embargoes" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
United States Protest December 31, 1938 . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Notice of Termination of Commercial Treaty With Japan . . . . 90
Secretary Hull's Conversations With the Japanese Ambassador . 91
Status of Netherlands Indies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Instruction to Ambassador Grew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Temporary Closing of the Burma Road . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Report From Ambassador Grew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Japanese Penetration Into Indochina . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Restrictions on Exports to Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
XIII EUROPEAN WAR 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
The Four Freedoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Lend-Lease Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Invasion of Greece and Yugoslavia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Greenland Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Secretary Hull's Address of April 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Unlimited National Emergency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Policy Toward France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
The Robin Moor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
German Attack on Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Agreement With Iceland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Atlantic Charter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Aid to Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Battle of the Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Revision of the Neutrality Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
"We Americans Have Cleared Our Decks and Taken Our Battle
Stations" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
XIV DISCUSSIONS WITH JAPAN 1941 PEARL HARBOR . . . . . . . . . . 118
Secretary Hull's Statement on Japanese Aggression, January 15 118
Report That Japan Might Attack Pearl Harbor . . . . . . . . . 118
Arrival of Ambassador Nomura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Exploratory Conversations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Japanese Proposal of May 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
United States Proposal of June 21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Report of Japanese Plan To Attack Russia . . . . . . . . . . 123
Japanese Occupation of Southern Indochina . . . . . . . . . . 123
Freezing of Japanese Assets in the United States . . . . . . 126
Japanese Proposal of August 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
United States British Collaboration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Warning to Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Proposed Meeting of President Roosevelt and Prime Minister
Konoye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Japanese Proposal of September 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Ambassador Grew's Report That War Might Be "Inevitable" . . . 136
Kurusu Sent to Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
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XIV Discussions WITH JAPAN 1941 PEARL HARBOR Continued.
Japanese Proposal of November 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
United States Memorandum of November 26 . . . . . . . . . . . 141
"Japan May Move Suddenly" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Reported Japanese Troop Movements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
President Roosevelt's Message to the Emperor of Japan . . . . 147
Pearl Harbor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
War With Japan, Germany, and Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
XV UNITED NATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
viii
DOCUMENTS
1 The Minister in China (Johnson) to the Secretary of State,
September 22, 1931 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
2 Memorandum Handed by the Secretary of State to the Japanese
Ambassador (Debuchi), September 22, 1931 . . . . . . . . . . 156
3 The Secretary of State to the Consul at Geneva (Gilbert),
October 9, 1931 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
4 The Secretary of State to the Chargé in Japan (Neville),
October 20, 1931 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
5 The Secretary of State to the Ambassador in Japan (Forbes),
January 7, 1932 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
6 The Secretary of State to the Ambassador in Japan (Forbes),
February 1, 1932 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
7 Address Delivered by the Honorable Hugh S. Gibson, of the
United States Delegation, at the General Disarmament
Conference, Geneva, February 9, 1932 . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
8 The Secretary of State to the Minister in Switzerland
(Wilson), February 12, 1932 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
9 The Secretary of State to the Chairman of the Committee on
Foreign Relations (Borah), United States Senate, February
23, 1932 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
10 The Ambassador in Japan (Grew) to the Secretary of State,
August 13, 1932 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
11 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a
Conversation With the Japanese Ambassador (Debuchi),
January 5, 1933 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
12 The Secretary of State to the Minister in Switzerland
(Wilson), February 25, 1933 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
13 The Secretary of State to the Chairman of the Committee on
Foreign Affairs (McReynolds), House of Representatives,
April 5, 1933 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
14 President Roosevelt to the Secretary of State, May 6, 1933 . 179
15 Message of President Roosevelt to the Congress, May 16, 1933 179
16 Memorandum by the Secretary of State to the Committee on
Foreign Relations, United States Senate, May 17, 1933 . . . . 183
17 Address Delivered by the Honorable Norman H. Davis, Chairman
of the United States Delegation, at the General Disarmament
Conference, Geneva, May 22, 1933 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
18 The Consul General at Berlin (Messersmith) to the Under
Secretary of State (Phillips), June 26, 1933 . . . . . . . . 197
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19 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a
Conversation With the German Ambassador (Luther),
October 9, 1933 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
20 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a
Conversation With the German Ambassador (Luther),
November 2, 1933 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
21 The Consul General at Berlin (Messersmith) to the Under
Secretary of State (Phillips), November 23, 1933 . . . . . . 194
22 Statement by the Secretary of State at the Seventh
International Conference of American States, Montevideo,
December 15, 1933 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
23 Rights and Duties of States Convention Signed at Montevideo, December 26, 1933 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
24 Address Delivered by President Roosevelt at Washington,
December 28, 1933 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
25 Informal and Personal Message From the Japanese Minister for
Foreign Affairs (Hirota) to the Secretary of State,
February 21, 1934 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
26 Informal and Personal Message From the Secretary of State
to the Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs (Hirota),
March 3, 1934 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
27 The Appointed Minister to Austria (Messersmith) to the Under Secretary of State (Phillips), April 21, 1934 . . . . . . . . 211
28 The Ambassador in Japan (Grew) to the Secretary of State,
April 25, 1934 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
29 The Secretary of State to the Ambassador in Japan (Grew),
April 28, 1934 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
30 Address Delivered by the Secretary of State at Washington,
May 5, 1934 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
31 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation
With the Japanese Ambassador (Saito), May 16, 1934 . . . . . 220
32 Memorandum by the United States Military Attaché, Berlin,
May 17, 1934 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
33 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation
With the Japanese Ambassador (Saito), May 19, 1934 . . . . . 223
34 Statement by the Honorable Norman H. Davis, Chairman of the
United States Delegation to the General Disarmament Conference,
at a Meeting of the General Commission of the Conference, at
Geneva, May 29, 1934 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
35 Address Delivered by the Secretary of State at Williamsburg,
Virginia, June 11, 1934 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
36 The Consul at Berlin (Geist) to the Chief of the Division of
Western European Affairs (Moffat), Department of State,
September 15,1934 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
37 The Ambassador in Italy (Long) to the Secretary of State,
September 28, 1934 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
38 The Ambassador in Japan (Grew) to the Secretary of State,
December 27, 1934 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
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39 Statement by the Secretary of State, December 29, 1934 . . . 244
40 Message of President Roosevelt to the Senate,
January 16, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
41 The Minister in Austria (Messersmith) to the Under Secretary of
State (Phillips), February 8, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
42 The Ambassador in Italy (Long) to the Secretary of State,
February 14, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
43 Address Delivered by the Secretary of State at New York,
February 16, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
44 Memorandum by the Minister to Austria (Messersmith)
Regarding a Conversation With the Ambassador in Germany
(Dodd), March 22, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
45 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation
With the German Ambassador (Luther), March 28, 1935 . . . . . 256
46 Address Delivered by the Secretary of State at New York,
June 12, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
47 Address Delivered by the Secretary of State at Ann Arbor,
Michigan, June 17, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
48 The Secretary of State to the Ambassador in Italy (Long),
August 18, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
49 "Neutrality Act" of August 31, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
50 Statement by President Roosevelt, August 31, 1935 . . . . . . 271
51 The Ambassador in Italy (Long) to the Secretary of State,
September 10, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
52 Statement by the Secretary of State, September 12, 1935 . . . 274
53 The Ambassador in Italy (Long) to the Secretary of State,
September 13, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
54 Statement by President Roosevelt, October 5, 1935 . . . . . . 283
55 The Secretary of State to the United States Delegation at
Geneva, October 9, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
56 The Secretary of State to the United States Delegation at
Geneva, October 17, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
57 Radio Address of the Secretary of State, November 6, 1935 . . 285
58 Address Delivered by President Roosevelt at Arlington National
Cemetery, November 11, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
59 The Minister in Switzerland (Wilson) to the Secretary of State,
November 13, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
60 Statement by the Secretary of State, November 15, 1935 . . . 292
61 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation
With the Italian Ambassador (Rosso), November 22, 1935 . . . 293
62 Statement by the Secretary of State, December 5, 1935 . . . . 301
63 Memorandum by the First Secretary of the United States Embassy
in Japan (Dickover), December 23, 1935 . . . . . . . . . . . 302
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64 Address Delivered by President Roosevelt Before the Congress, January 3, 1936 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
65 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation
With the British Ambassador (Lindsay), January 22, 1936 . . . 308
66 The Minister in Switzerland (Wilson) to the Secretary of State,
January 27, 1936 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
67 President Roosevelt to the President of the Argentine Republic
(Justo), January 30, 1936 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
68 "Neutrality Act" of February 29, 1936 , . . . . . . . . . . . 313
69 Statement by President Roosevelt, February 29, 1936 . . . . . 314
70 President Roosevelt to Mrs. William A. Becker, President
General, Daughters of the American Revolution,
April 20, 1936 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
71 Statement by the Honorable Norman H. Davis, Chairman of the
United States Delegation, London Naval Conference,
May 13, 1936 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
72 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation
With the Japanese Ambassador to Great Britain (Yoshida),
June 12, 1936 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
73 The Acting Secretary of State (Phillips) to the Diplomatic
and Consular Officers of the United States in Spain,
August 7, 1936 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
74 Address Delivered by President Roosevelt at Chautauqua,
New York, August 14, 1936 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
75 Statement by the Department of State, August 22, 1936 . . . . 329
76 Address Delivered by the Secretary of State at Washington,
September 7, 1936 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
77 Address Delivered by the Secretary of State at New York,
September 15, 1936 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
78 The Ambassador in Japan (Grew) to the Secretary of State,
December 4, 1936 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
79 Address Delivered by the Secretary of State at Buenos Aires,
December 5,1936 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
80 Declaration of Principles of Inter-American Solidarity and
Cooperation, Buenos Aires, December 21, 1936 . . . . . . . . 352
81 Joint Resolution To Prohibit the Exportation of Arms,
Ammunition, and Implements of War From the United States
to Spain, January 8, 1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
82 Statement by President Roosevelt, January 8, 1937 . . . . . . 354
83 "Neutrality Act" of May 1, 1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
84 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a
Conversation With the Italian Ambassador (Suvich),
July 6, 1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
85 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation
With the Japanese Ambassador (Saito), July 12, 1937 . . . . . 368
86 Statement by the Secretary of State, July 16, 1937 . . . . . 370
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87 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation
With the Japanese Ambassador (Saito), July 21, 1937 . . . . . 371
88 The Ambassador in Japan (Grew) to the Secretary of State,
August 10, 1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
89 Press Release Issued by the Department of State on August 23,
1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
90 The Secretary of State to the Ambassador in Japan (Grew),
September 2, 1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
91 Statement by President Roosevelt, September 14, 1937 . . . . 380
92 The Secretary of State to the Minister in Switzerland
(Harrison), September 28, 1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
93 Address Delivered by President Roosevelt at Chicago,
October 5, 1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
94 Press Release Issued by the Department of State on October 6,
1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
95 The Secretary of State to the Honorable Norman H. Davis,
United States Delegate to the Conference at Brussels, October
18, 1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
96 Declaration Adopted by the Conference at Brussels on November
15, 1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
97 Declaration Adopted by the Conference at Brussels on November
24, 1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
98 The Secretary of State to the Ambassador in Japan (Grew),
December 13, 1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
99 The Ambassador in Japan (Grew) to the Secretary of State,
December 14, 1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
100 Report of the United States Delegate to the Conference at
Brussels (Davis), December 16, 1937 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
101 President Roosevelt to the Speaker of the House of
Representatives (Bankhead), January 6, 1938 . . . . . . . . . 400
102 The Secretary of State to the Chairman of the Committee on
Foreign Affairs (McReynolds), House of Representatives,
January 8, 1938 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
103 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation
With the German Ambassador (Dieckhoff), January 14, 1938 . . 402
104 Message of President Roosevelt to the Congress,
January 28, 1938 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
105 The Secretary of State to the Honorable Louis Ludlow, House of
Representatives, February 10, 1938 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
106 Address Delivered by the Secretary of State at Washington,
March 17, 1938 . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
107 The Secretary of State to the Chairman of the Committee on
Foreign Relations (Pittman), United States Senate, May 12,
1938 . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
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108 Memorandum of a Press Conference of the Secretary of State,
June 11, 1938 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
109 The Chief of the Office of Arms and Munitions Control (Green),
Department of State, to One Hundred Forty eight Persons and
Companies Manufacturing Airplane Parts, July 1, 1938 . . . . 422
110 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation
With the German Ambassador (Dieckhoff), July 7, 1938 . . . . 423
111 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation
With the Canadian Minister (Marler), September 21, 1938 . . . 424
112 Press Release Issued by the Department of State on September
26, 1938 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
113 Press Release Issued by the Department of State on September
27, 1938 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
114 President Roosevelt to the Ambassador in Italy (Phillips),
September 27, 1938 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
115 President Roosevelt to the Chancelor of Germany (Hitler),
September 27, 1938 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
116 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation
With the German Ambassador (Dieckhoff), September 28, 1938 . 429
117 Statement by the Secretary of State, September 30, 1938 . . . 430
118 The Secretary of State to President Roosevelt,
October 21, 1938. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
119 Address Delivered by the Secretary of State at New York,
November 1, 1938 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432
120 Statement by President Roosevelt, November 15, 1938 . . . . . 439
121 Declaration of Lima" by the Eighth International Conference
of American States, December 24, 1938 . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
122 Declaration of American Principles by the Eighth International
Conference of American States, December 24, 1938 . . . . . . 440
123 The Ambassador in Japan (Grew) to the Japanese Minister for
Foreign Affairs (Arita), December 30, 1938 . . . . . . . . . 441
124 Address Delivered by President Roosevelt to the Congress,
January 4, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
125 Message of President Roosevelt to the Congress,
January 12, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
126 Statement by the Acting Secretary of State (Welles),
March 17,1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454
127 Statement by the Secretary of State, April 8, 1939 . . . . . 455
128 President Roosevelt to the Chancelor of Germany (Hitler),
April 14, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
129 Address Delivered by the Secretary of State at Washington,
April 25, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458
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130 The Secretary of State to the Chairman of the Committee on
Foreign Relations (Pittman), United States Senate,
May 27,1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
131 Statement by the Secretary of State, .July 1, 1939 . . . . . 465
132 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation
With the Japanese Ambassador (Horinouchi), July 10, 1939 . . 465
133 Message From President Roosevelt to the Congress Transmitting
a Statement by the Secretary of State, July 14, 1939 . . . . 468
134 Press Release Issued by the White House on July 18, 1939 . . 479
135 The Secretary of State to the Japanese Ambassador
(Horinouchi), July 26, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
136 President Roosevelt to King Victor Emmanuel of Italy,
August 23, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
137 President Roosevelt to the Chancelor of Germany (Hitler),
August 24, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
138 President Roosevelt to the President of the Polish Republic
(Moscicki), August 24, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478
139 President Roosevelt to the Chancelor of Germany (Hitler),
August 25, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
140 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation
With the Japanese Ambassador (Horinouchi), August 26, 1939 . 480
141 The German Charge (Thomsen) to the Secretary of State, August
31, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
142 Radio Address Delivered by President Roosevelt From Washington,
September 3, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
143 Address Delivered by President Roosevelt to the Congress,
September 21, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486
144 Address Delivered by the Under Secretary of State (Welles)
at Panama, September 25, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488
145 Neutrality Act of November 4, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
146 Address Delivered by President Roosevelt to the Congress,
January 3, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507
147 Statement by President Roosevelt, March 29, 1940 . . . . . . 519
148 Statement by President Roosevelt, April 13, 1940 . . . . . . 515
149 Statement by the Secretary of State, April 17, 1940 . . . . . 515
150 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation
With the Japanese Ambassador (Horinouchi), April 20, 1940 . . 517
151 President Roosevelt to the Premier of Italy (Mussolini),
April 29, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519
152 The Ambassador in Italy (Phillips) to the Secretary of State,
May 1, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520
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153 The Premier of Italy (Mussolini) to President Roosevelt,
May 2, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522
154 Address Delivered by President Roosevelt at Washington,
May 10, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523
155 President Roosevelt to the Premier of Italy (Mussolini),
May 14, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526
156 Address Delivered by President Roosevelt to the Congress,
May 16, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527
157 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation
With the Japanese Ambassador (Horinouchi), May 16, 1940 . . . 532
158 The Premier of Italy (Mussolini) to President Roosevelt,
May 18, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536
159 President Roosevelt to the Premier of Italy (Mussolini),
May 26, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536
160 The Ambassador in Italy (Phillips) to the Secretary of State,
May 27, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537
161 The Secretary of State to the Ambassador in Italy (Phillips),
May 30, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538
162 The Secretary of State to the Ambassador in Japan (Grew),
May 30, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540
163 Message of President Roosevelt to the Congress, May 31, 1940 542
164 The Ambassador in Italy (Phillips) to the Secretary of State,
June 1, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544
165 Address Delivered by President Roosevelt at Charlottesville,
Virginia, June 10, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545
166 The President of the French Council of Ministers (Reynaud) to
President Roosevelt, June 10, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549
167 President Roosevelt to the President of the French Council of
Ministers (Reynaud), June 13, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550
168 The President of the French Council of Ministers (Reynaud) to
President Roosevelt, June 14, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
169 President Roosevelt to the President of the French Council of
Ministers (Reynaud), June 15, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552
170 The Secretary of State to the Ambassador Near the French
Government at Bordeaux (Biddle), June 17, 1940 . . . . . . . 553
171 The Ambassador Near the French Government at Bordeaux (Biddle)
to the Secretary of State, June 18, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . 554
172 Press Release Issued by the Department of State on June 19,
1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
173 Address Delivered by the Secretary of State at Harvard
University, June 20, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556
174 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation
With the British Ambassador (Lothian) and the Australian
Minister (Casey), June 28, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
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175 Statement by the Secretary of State, July 5, 1940 . . . . . . 560
176 Statement by the Secretary of State, July 16, 1940 . . . . . 562
177 Declaration of. Reciprocal Assistance and Cooperation for the
Defense of the Nations of the Americas, Habana, July 30, 1940 562
178 Statement by the Secretary of State, August 6, 1940 . . . . 563
179 Message of President Roosevelt to the Congress,
September 3, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564
180 Press Release Issued by the Department of State on
September 7, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568
181 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding„a Conversation
With the French Ambassador (Henry Haye), September 11,1940. . 568
182 The Ambassador in Japan (Grew) to the Secretary of State,
September 12, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569
183 Press Release Issued by the Department of State on
September 23, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572
184 Statement by the Secretary of State, September 27, 1940 . . . 573
185 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation
With the British Ambassador (Lothian), September 30, 1940 . . 574
186 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation
With the Japanese Ambassador (Horinouchi), October 8, 1940 . 576
187 The Secretary of State to the Charge in France (Matthews),
October 25, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . 580
188 Address Delivered by the Secretary of State at Washington,
October 26, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581
189 The Charge in France (Matthews) to the Secretary of State,
November 1, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591
190 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation
With the French Ambassador (Henry Haye), November 4, 1940 . . 592
191 President Roosevelt to King George of Greece,
December 5, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595
192 President Roosevelt to the Appointed Ambassador to France
(Leahy), December 20, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596
193 Radio Address Delivered by President Roosevelt From Washington,
December 29, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
194 Address Delivered by President Roosevelt to the Congress,
January 6, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608
195 Statement by the Secretary of State Before the Committee on
Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, January 15, 1941 . 612
196 The Ambassador in Japan (Grew) to the Secretary of State,
January 27, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618
197 The Secretary of State to the Minister in Yugoslavia (Lane),
February 9, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619
198 The Secretary of State to the Minister in Yugoslavia (Lane),
February 14, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619
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199 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation
With the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), March 8, 1941 . . . . 620
200 "Lend-Lease Act", March 11, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627
201 Address Delivered by President Roosevelt at Washington, March
15, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631
202 Memorandum by the Acting Secretary of State (Welles) Regarding
a Conversation With the Soviet Ambassador (Oumansky),
March 20, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638
203 The Secretary of State to the Minister in Bulgaria (Earle),
April 5, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638
204 Statement by the Secretary of State, April 6, 1941 . . . . . 638
205 The Secretary of State to the Minister in Portugal (Fish),
April 10, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639
206 Statement by the Department o€ State, April 10, 1941 . . . . 640
207 Address Delivered by the Secretary of State at Washington,
April 24, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648
208 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation
With the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), May 11, 1941 . . . . . 653
209 Draft Proposal Handed by the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura) to
the Secretary of State on May 12, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . 656
210 Radio Address Delivered by President Roosevelt From Washington,
May 27, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662
211 Statement by the Secretary of State at a Press Conference,
June 5, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673
212 Message of President Roosevelt to the Congress, June 20, 1941 674
213 Draft Proposal Handed by the Secretary of State to the
Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), June 21, 1941 . . . . . . . . . 677
214 Statement by the Acting Secretary of State (Welles) at a Press
Conference, June 23, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
215 Statement Handed by the Ambassador in Japan (Grew) to Mr.
Tomohiko Ushiba, Private Secretary of the Japanese Prime
Minister (Prince Konoye), July 6, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . 685
216 Message of President Roosevelt, to the Congress, July 7, 1941 686
217 Statement Handed by the Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs
(Matsuoka) to the Ambassador in Japan (Grew), July 8, 1941 . 691
218 Memorandum by the Acting Secretary of State (Welles) Regarding
a Conversation With the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura),
July 23, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693
219 Statement by the Acting Secretary of State (Welles),
July 24, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698
220 Memorandum by the Acting Secretary of State (Welles), July 24,
1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699
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221 Informal Remarks of President Roosevelt to the Volunteer
Participation Committee, Washington, July 24, 1941 . . . . . 703
222 Statement Issued by the, White House on July 26, 1941 . . . . 704
223 Oral Statement Handed by the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura)
to the Secretary of State on August 6, 1941 . . . . . . . . . 705
224 Memorandum Regarding a Conversation Between the Secretary of
State and the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), August 8, 1941 . 707
225 Document Handed by the Secretary of State to the Japanese
Ambassador (Nomura), August 8, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709
226 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation
With the British Ambassador (Halifax), August 9, 1941 . . . . 710
227 Joint Message of President Roosevelt and Prime Minister
Churchill to Joseph Stalin, President of the Soviet of
People's Commissars of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,
August 15,1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711
228 Memorandum by the Secretary of State, August 17, 1941 . . . . 712
229 Message of President Roosevelt to the Congress,
August 21, 1941, Embodying Text of the Atlantic Charter . . . 717
230 Memorandum by the Secretary of State, August 28, 1941 . . . . 724
231 Memorandum Regarding a Conversation Between the Secretary of
State and the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), August 28, 1941 . 724
232 Memorandum by the Secretary of State, September 3, 1941 . . . 728
233 Memorandum by the Ambassador in Japan (Grew), September
6, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733
234 Draft Proposal Handed by the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura)
to the Secretary of State on September 6, 1941 . . . . . . . 735
235 Radio Address Delivered by President Roosevelt From
Washington, September 11, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737
236 Document Handed by the Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs
(Toyoda) to the Ambassador in Japan (Grew), September 22,
1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 744
237 Memorandum Regarding a Conversation Between the Secretary of
State and the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), September 23, 1941 . 745
238 Document Handed by the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura) to the
Secretary of State on September 27, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . 746
239 Memorandum Regarding a Conversation Between the Secretary of
State and the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura),
September 29, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750
240 Memorandum Regarding a Conversation Between the Secretary of
State and the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), October 2, 1941 . 754
241 Oral Statement Handed by the Secretary of State to the
Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), October 2, 1941 . . . . . . . . 756
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242 Message of President Roosevelt to the Congress,
October 9, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761
243 Statement by the Secretary of State Before the Committee on
Foreign Relations, United States Senate, October 21, 1941 . . 765
244 Address Delivered by President Roosevelt at Washington,
October 27, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767
245 The Ambassador in Japan (Grew) to the Secretary of State,
November 3, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 772
246 Document Handed by the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura) to the
Secretary of State on November 7, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . 776
247 Address Delivered by the Secretary of the Navy (Knox) at
Providence, November 11, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776
248 Address Delivered by the Under Secretary of State (Welles) at
Washington, November 11, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784
249 Joint Resolution To Repeal Sections 2, 3, and 6 of the
Neutrality Act of 1939, and for Other Purposes,
November 17, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787
250 The Ambassador in Japan (Grew) to the Secretary of State,
November 17, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788
251 Memorandum by the Secretary of State, November 17, 1941 . . . 789
252 Memorandum Regarding a Conversation Between the Secretary of
State, the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), and Mr. Kurusu,
November 18, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792
253 Memorandum Regarding a Conversation Between the Secretary of
State, the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), and Mr. Kurusu,
November 20, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . 799
254 Draft Proposal Handed by the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura) to
the Secretary of State on November 20, 1941 . . . . . . . . . 801
255 Memorandum Regarding a Conversation Between the Secretary of
State, the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), and Mr. Kurusu,
November 22, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 802
256 Memorandum Regarding a Conversation Between the Secretary of
State, the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), and Mr. Kurusu,
November 26, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807
257 Document. Handed by the Secretary of State to the Japanese
Ambassador (Nomura), November 26, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . 810
258 Oral Statement Handed by the Secretary of State to the
Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), November 26, 1941 . . . . . . . 812
259 Memorandum by the Secretary of State, November 27, 1941 . . . 814
260 Memorandum by the Secretary of State Regarding a Conversation
With the British Ambassador (Halifax), November 29, 1941 . . 816
261 Memorandum Regarding a Conversation Between the Secretary of
State, the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), and Mr. Kurusu,
December 1, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817
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262 Memorandum Regarding a Conversation Between the Under
Secretary of State (Welles), the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura),
and Mr. Kurusu, December 2, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 823
263 Memorandum Regarding a Conversation Between the Secretary of
State, the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), and Mr. Kurusu,
December 5, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 826
264 President Roosevelt to Emperor Hirohito of Japan, December 6,
1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829
265 Memorandum Regarding a Conversation Between the Secretary of
State, the Japanese Ambassador (Nomura), and Mr. Kurusu,
December 7, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831
266 The Ambassador in Japan (Grew) to the Secretary of State,
December 8, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 838
267 Address Delivered by President Roosevelt to the Congress,
December 8, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839
268 Joint Resolution Declaring That a State of War Exists Between
the Imperial Government of Japan and the Government and the
People of the United States and Making Provisions To Prosecute
the Same, December 8, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841
269 The Ambassador in Japan (Grew) to the Secretary of State,
December 9, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841
270 Radio Address Delivered by President Roosevelt From Washington,
December 9, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842
271 Message of President Roosevelt to the Congress, December 11,
1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848
272 Joint Resolution Declaring That a State of War Exists Between
the Government of Germany and the Government and the People
of the United States and Making Provision To Prosecute the
Same, December 11, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 849
273 Joint Resolution Declaring That a State of War Exists Between
the Government of Italy and the Government and the People of
the United States and Making Provision to Prosecute the Same,
December 11, 1941 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 850
274 Declaration by United-Nations, January 1, 1942 . . . . . . . 850
