Unifying Physics of Accelerators, Lasers and Plasma introduces the physics of accelerators, lasers and plasma in tandem with the industrial methodology of inventiveness, a technique that teaches that similar problems and solutions appear again and again in seemingly dissimilar disciplines. This unique approach builds bridges and enhances connections between the three aforementioned areas of physics that are essential for developing the next generation of accelerators. A Breakthrough by Design approach, introduced in the book as an amalgam of TRIZ inventive principles and laws of technical system evolution with the art of back-of-the-envelope estimations, via numerous examples and exercises discussed in the solution manual, will make you destined to invent.
Unifying Physics of Accelerators, Lasers and Plasma outlines a path from idea to practical implementation of scientific and technological innovation. This second edition has been updated throughout, with new content on superconducting technology, energy recovery, polarization, various topics of advanced technology, etc., making it relevant for the Electron-Ion Collider project, as well as for advanced lights sources, including Free Electron Lasers with energy recovery.
The book is suitable for students at the senior undergraduate and graduate levels, as well as for scientists and engineers interested in enhancing their abilities to work successfully on the development of the next generation of facilities, devices and scientific instruments manufactured from the synergy of accelerators, lasers and plasma.
Key Features
Introduces the physics of accelerators, lasers, and plasma in tandem with the industrial methodology of inventiveness.
Outlines a path from idea to practical implementation of scientific and technological innovation.
Contains more than 380 illustrations and numerous end-of-chapter exercises.
Solutions manual is included into the book.
Boasting more than 380 illustrations, this highly visual text
Employs TRIZ to amalgamate and link different areas of science
Avoids heavy mathematics, using back-of-the-envelope calculations to convey key principles
Introduces the Innovation by Design approach based an amalgam of TRIZ inventive principles and laws of technical system evolution with the art of back-of-the-envelope estimations – developing and applying this methodology, you will be destined to invent
Includes updated materials for all eleven chapters of the first edition, e.g., the FEL invention path analysis, etc.
The second edition includes new chapters: Beam Cooling and Final Focusing, Beam Stability and Energy Recovery, Advanced Technologies
The new chapters add topics such as superconducting magnets and accelerating cavities, polarized beams, energy recovery – themes relevant for new projects such as Electron-Ion Collider, or Free Electron Laser based on energy recovery for science or industry
The second edition also includes a new chapter with illustrations of 40 inventive principles of TRIZ based on the areas of accelerator, laser and plasma technology
Every chapter includes invention case studies, often making important connections to adjacent areas of technologies, illustrated by the case of EUV light generation invention for semiconductor lithography, etc.
Includes end-of-chapter exercises focusing on physics and on applications of the inventiveness method, on reinventing technical systems and on practicing back-of-the-envelope estimations; and also includes mini-projects, suitable for exercises by teams of students
Includes a detailed Guide to solutions of the exercises, discussing the inventions and highlighting the relevant inventive principles, as well as directions of mini-projects
Includes discussion of the TRIZ laws of evolution of technical systems and makes bold predictions for the Year 2050 for accelerator, laser and plasma technology
Author(s): Andrei A. Seryi, Elena I. Seraia
Edition: 2
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 449
City: Boca Raton
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Foreword to the Second Edition
Foreword to First Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to First Edition
Authors
Chapter 1: Basics of Accelerators and of the Art of Inventiveness
1.1. Accelerators and society
1.2. Acceleration of what and how
1.2.1. Uses, actions and the evolution of accelerators
1.2.2. Livingston plot and competition of technologies
1.3. Accelerators and inventions
1.4. How to invent
1.4.1. How to invent— evolution of the methods
1.5. TRIZ method
1.5.1. TRIZ in action— examples
1.6. TRIZ method for science
1.7. AS-TRIZ
1.8. TRIZ and creativity
1.9. The art of scientific predictions
1.10. The art of estimations
1.11. Breakthrough by design approach
Chapter 2: Transverse Dynamics
2.1. Maxwell equations and units
2.2. Simplest accelerator
2.3. Equations of motion
2.3.1. Motion of charged particles in EM fields
2.3.2. Drift in crossed E×B fields
2.3.3. Motion in quadrupole fields
2.3.4. Linear betatron equations of motion
2.4. Matrix formalism
2.4.1. Pseudo-harmonic oscillations
2.4.2. Principal trajectories
2.4.3. Examples of transfer matrices
2.4.4. Matrix formalism for transfer lines
2.4.5. Analogy with geometric optics
2.4.6. An example of a FODO lattice
2.4.7. Twiss functions and matrix formalism
2.4.8. Stability of betatron motion
2.4.9. Stability of a FODO lattice
2.4.10. Propagation of optics functions
2.5. Phase space
2.5.1. Phase space ellipse and Courant-Snyder invariant
2.6. Dispersion and tunes
2.6.1. Dispersion
2.6.2. Betatron tunes and resonances
2.7. Aberrations and coupling
2.7.1. Chromaticity
2.7.2. Coupling
2.7.3. Higher orders
2.8. Tail Folding Octupoles— Invention Case Study
Chapter 3: Synchrotron Radiation
3.1. SR on the back of an envelope
3.1.1. SR power loss
3.1.2. Cooling time
3.1.3. Cooling time and partition
3.1.4. SR photon energy
3.1.5. SR— number of photons
3.2. SR effects on the beam
3.2.1. SR-induced energy spread
3.2.2. SR-induced emittance growth
3.2.3. Equilibrium emittance
3.3. SR features
3.3.1. Emittance of single radiated photon
3.3.2. SR spectrum
3.3.3. Brightness or brilliance
3.3.4. Ultimate brightness
3.3.5. Wiggler and undulator radiation
3.3.6. SR quantum regime
3.4. LEP Energy Increase— Invention Case Study
Chapter 4: Synergies between Accelerators, Lasers and Plasma
4.1. Create
4.1.1. Beam sources
4.1.2. Lasers
4.1.3. Plasma generation
4.2. Energize
4.2.1. Beam acceleration
4.2.2. Laser amplifiers
4.2.3. Laser repetition rate and efficiency
4.2.4. Fiber lasers and slab lasers
4.2.5. CPA— chirped pulse amplification
4.2.6. OPCPA— optical parametric CPA
4.2.7. Plasma oscillations
4.2.8. Critical density and surface
4.3. Manipulate
4.3.1. Beam and laser focusing
4.3.2. Weak and strong focusing
4.3.3. Aberrations for light and beam
4.3.4. Compression of beam and laser pulses
4.4. Interact
4.5. Creation of Mak Telescope— Invention Case Study
Chapter 5: Conventional Acceleration
5.1. Historical introduction
5.1.1. Electrostatic accelerators
5.1.2. Synchrotrons and linacs
5.1.3. WiderÖe linear accelerator
5.1.4. Alvarez drift tube linac
5.1.5. Phase focusing
5.1.6. Synchrotron oscillations
5.2. Waveguides
5.2.1. Waves in free space
5.2.2. Conducting surfaces
5.2.3. Group velocity
5.2.4. Dispersion diagram for a waveguide
5.2.5. Iris-loaded structures
5.3. Cavities
5.3.1. Waves in resonant cavities
5.3.2. Pill-box cavity
5.3.3. Quality factor of a resonator
5.3.4. Shunt impedance— Rs
5.3.5. Energy gain and transit-time factor
5.3.6. Kilpatrick limit
5.4. Longitudinal dynamics
5.4.1. Acceleration in RF structures
5.4.2. Longitudinal dynamics in a traveling wave
5.4.3. Longitudinal dynamics in a synchrotron
5.4.4. RF potential— nonlinearity and adiabaticity
5.4.5. Synchrotron tune and betatron tune
5.4.6. Accelerator technologies and applications
5.5. Focusing in Drift Tube Linac — Invention Case Study
Chapter 6: Plasma Acceleration
6.1. Motivations
6.1.1. Maximum field in plasma
6.2. Early steps of plasma acceleration
6.3. Laser intensity and ionization
6.3.1. Laser pulse intensity
6.3.2. Atomic intensity
6.3.3. Progress in laser peak intensity
6.3.4. Types of ionization
6.3.5. Barrier suppression ionization
6.3.6. Normalized vector potential
6.3.7. Laser contrast ratio
6.3.8. Schwinger intensity limit
6.4. The concept of laser acceleration
6.4.1. Ponderomotive force
6.4.2. Laser plasma acceleration in nonlinear regime
6.4.3. Wave breaking
6.4.4. Importance of laser guidance
6.5. Betatron radiation sources
6.5.1. Transverse fields in the bubble
6.5.2. Estimations of betatron radiation parameters
6.6. Glimpse into the future
6.6.1. Laser plasma acceleration— rapid progress
6.6.2. Compact radiation sources
6.6.3. Evolution of computers and light sources
6.7. Plasma acceleration aiming at TeV
6.7.1. Multi-stage laser plasma acceleration
6.7.2. Beam-driven plasma acceleration
6.8. Laser-plasma and protons
6.9. LWFA Downramp Injection— Invention Case Study
Chapter 7: Light Sources
7.1. SR properties and history
7.1.1. Electromagnetic spectrum
7.1.2. Brief history of synchrotron radiation
7.2. Evolution and parameters of SR sources
7.2.1. Generations of synchrotron radiation sources
7.2.2. Basic SR properties and parameters of SR sources
7.3. SR source layouts and experiments
7.3.1. Layout of a synchrotron radiation source
7.3.2. Experiments using SR
7.4. Compton and Thomson scattering of photons
7.4.1. Thomson scattering
7.4.2. Compton scattering
7.4.3. Compton scattering characteristics
7.5. Compton light sources
7.6. Hybrid Multi-Bend Achromat— Invention Case Study
Chapter 8: Free Electron Lasers
8.1. FEL conceptually
8.2. FEL history— invention case study
8.3. SR from bends, wigglers and undulators
8.3.1. Radiation from sequence of bends
8.3.2. SR spectra from wiggler and undulator
8.3.3. Motion and radiation in sine-like field
8.4. Basics of FEL Operation
8.4.1. Average longitudinal velocity in an undulator
8.4.2. Particle and field energy exchange
8.4.3. Resonance condition
8.4.4. Number of photons emitted
8.4.5. Microbunching conceptually
8.5. FEL types
8.5.1. Multi-pass FEL
8.5.2. Single-pass FEL
8.6. Microbunching and gain
8.6.1. Microbunching in helical undulator
8.6.2. FEL low-gain curve
8.6.3. High-gain FELs
8.7. FEL designs and properties
8.7.1. FEL beam emittance requirements
8.7.2. FEL and laser comparison
8.7.3. FEL radiation properties
8.7.4. Typical FEL design and accelerator challenges
8.8. Beyond the fourth-generation light sources
8.9. EUV Light Generation— Invention Case Study
Chapter 9: Proton and Ion Laser Plasma Acceleration
9.1. Bragg peak
9.2. DNA response to radiation
9.3. Conventional proton therapy facilities
9.3.1. Beam generation and handling at proton facilities
9.3.2. Beam injectors in proton facilities
9.4. Plasma acceleration of protons and ions— motivation
9.5. Regimes of proton laser plasma acceleration
9.5.1. Sheath acceleration regime
9.5.2. Hole-boring radiation pressure acceleration
9.5.3. Light-sail radiation pressure acceleration
9.5.4. Emerging mechanisms of acceleration
9.6. Glimpse into the future
9.7. Boosted Frame LWFA — Invention Case Study
Chapter 10: Beam Cooling and Final Focusing
10.1. Beam Cooling
10.1.1. Electron and stochastic beam cooling
10.1.2. Optical stochastic cooling
10.1.3. Ionisation cooling
10.1.4. Cooling rates estimate
10.1.5. Electron cooling, electron lens and Gabor lens
10.1.6. Laser cooling
10.2. Local correction
10.2.1. Final focus local corrections
10.2.2. Interaction region corrections
10.2.3. Traveling focus
10.2.4. Crabbed collisions
10.2.5. Round-to-flat beam transfer
10.3. Local Chromatic Correction— Invention Case Study
Chapter 11: Beam Stability and Energy Recovery
11.1. Stability of beams
11.1.1. Stability of relativistic beams
11.1.2. Beam–beam effects
11.1.3. Beam break-up and BNS damping
11.1.4. Landau damping
11.1.5. Stability and spectral approach
11.2. Energy Recovery
11.2.1. Energy Recovery in Electron Cooling
11.2.2. Energy Recovery in Free Electron Lasers
11.2.3. Energy Recovery in Colliders
11.2.4. Energy Recovery in Plasma Acceleration
11.3. Higher-Energy Cooling— Invention Case Study
Chapter 12: Advanced Beam Manipulation
12.1. Short and narrow-band
12.1.1. Bunch compression
12.1.2. CSR — coherent synchrotron radiation
12.1.3. CSR effects on the beam longitudinal phase space
12.1.4. Short laser pulse and Q-switching techniques
12.1.5. Q-switching methods
12.1.6. Regenerative amplifiers
12.1.7. Mode locking
12.1.8. Self-seeded FEL
12.2. Laser–beam interaction
12.2.1. Beam laser heating
12.2.2. Beam laser slicing
12.2.3. Beam laser harmonic generation
12.3. Beam or pulse addition
12.3.1. Optical cavities
12.3.2. Accumulation of charged particle bunches
12.4. Polarization
12.5. Positron Plasma Acceleration— Invention Case Study
Chapter 13: Advanced Technologies
13.1. Power sources
13.1.1. IOT — inductive output tubes
13.1.2. Klystron
13.1.3. Magnetron
13.1.4. Powering the accelerating structure
13.2. Lasers and plasma
13.2.1. Coherent addition of laser pulses
13.2.2. Resonant plasma excitation
13.2.3. Toward plasma-based CPA
13.3. Top-up and nonlinear injection
13.4. Medical systems
13.5. Superconducting systems
13.5.1. Superconducting magnets
13.5.2. Superconducting RF
13.6. Systems engineering
13.7. Superlattice Photocathode— Invention Case Study
Chapter 14: Inventions and Innovations in Science
14.1. Accelerating science TRIZ
14.2. Trends and principles
14.2.1. TRIZ laws of technical system evolution
14.2.2. From radar to high-power lasers
14.2.3. Modern laws of system evolution
14.3. Engineering, TRIZ and science
14.3.1. Weak, strong and cool
14.3.2. Higgs, superconductivity and TRIZ
14.3.3. Garin, matreshka and Nobel
14.4. Aiming for Pasteur quadrant
14.5. How to cross the Valley of Death
14.6. How to learn TRIZ in science
14.7. Destined to Invent
14.8. Let us be challenged
14.9. The Year 2050 predictions
Chapter 15: Forty Inventive Principles
15.1. Segmentation
15.2. Taking out
15.3. Local quality
15.4. Asymmetry
15.5. Merging
15.6. Universality
15.7. “Nested Doll”
15.8. Anti-force
15.9. Preliminary anti-action
15.10. Preliminary action
15.11. Beforehand cushioning
15.12. Equipotentiality
15.13. The other way around
15.14. Spheroidality— Curvature
15.15. Dynamics
15.16. Partial or excessive actions
15.17. Another dimension
15.18. Oscillations and resonances
15.19. Periodic action
15.20. Continuity of useful action
15.21. Skipping
15.22. Blessing in disguise
15.23. Feedback
15.24. Intermediary
15.25. Self-service
15.26. Copying
15.27. Cheap, short-lived objects
15.28. Mechanics substitution
15.29. Pneumatics and hydraulics
15.30. Flexible shells and thin films
15.31. Porous materials
15.32. Color changes
15.33. Homogeneity
15.34. Discarding and recovering
15.35. Parameter changes
15.36. Phase transitions
15.37. Thermal/electrical expansion or property change
15.38. Strong oxidants
15.39. Inert atmosphere
15.40. Composite materials
Final Words
Appendix A: Guide to Solutions of the Exercises
Bibliography
Index
