Optics is an enabling science that forms a basis for our technological civilization. Courses in optics are a required part of the engineering or physics undergraduate curriculum in many universities worldwide. The aim of Understanding Optics with Python is twofold: first, to describe certain basic ideas of classical physical and geometric optics; second, to introduce the reader to computer simulations of physical phenomena. The text is aimed more broadly for those who wish to use numerical/computational modeling as an educational tool that promotes interactive teaching (and learning). In addition, it offers an alternative to developing countries where the necessary equipment to carry out the appropriate experiments is not available as a result of financial constraints. This approach contributes to a better diffusion of knowledge about optics. The examples given in this book are comparable to those found in standard textbooks on optics and are suitable for self-study. This text enables the user to study and understand optics using hands-on simulations with Python. Python is our programming language of choice because of its open-source availability, extensive functionality, and an enormous online support. Essentials of programming in Python 3.x, including graphical user interface, are also provided. The codes in the book are available for download on the book's website.
Discusses most standard topics of traditional physical and geometrical optics through Python and PyQt5
Provides visualizations and in-depth descriptions of Python's programming language and simulations
Includes simulated laboratories where students are provided a "hands-on" exploration of Python software
Coding and programming featured within the text are available for download on the book's corresponding website.
"Understanding Optics with Python by Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan, Hassen Ghalila, Ahmed Ammar, and L. Srinivasa Varadharajan is born around a nice idea: using simulations to provide the students with a powerful tool to understand and master optical phenomena. The choice of the Python language is perfectly matched with the overall goal of the book, as the Python language provides a completely free and easy-to-learn platform with huge cross-platform compatibility, where the reader of the book can conduct his or her own numerical experiments to learn faster and better."
-- Costantino De Angelis, University of Brescia, Italy
"Teaching an important programming language like Python through concrete examples from optics is a natural and, in my view, very effective approach. I believe that this book will be used by students and appreciated greatly by instructors. The topic of modelling optical effects and systems where the students should already have a physical background provides great motivation for students to learn the basics of a powerful programming language without the intimidation factor that often goes with a formal computer science course."
-- John Dudley, FEMTO-ST Institute, Besan�on, France
Author(s): Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan; Hassen Ghalila; L Srinivasa Varadharajan; Ahmed Ammar
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2018
Language: English
Pages: 359
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: Introduction to Python
1.1 Why Python?
1.2 Python Setup
1.2.1 Which Distribution Do We Need?
1.2.2 Installing Anaconda
1.2.3 The Anaconda Navigator
1.2.3.1 How to Start Anaconda Navigator
1.2.3.2 Jupyter/IPython QtConsole
1.2.3.3 Spyder
1.3 Coding with Jupyter/IPython QtConsole
1.3.1 Comments
1.3.2 Hello World!
1.3.3 Use Python As a Calculator
1.3.3.1 Numbers
1.3.3.2 Values and Types
1.3.4 Variables and Reserved Keywords
1.3.4.1 Variables
1.3.4.2 Keywords
1.3.5 Container Types
1.3.5.1 Strings
1.3.5.2 Lists
1.3.5.3 Tuples
1.3.5.4 Dictionaries
1.3.6 Control Structures
1.3.6.1 Condition Checking
1.3.6.2 The if/elif/else Construction
1.3.6.3 The for/range Loop
1.3.6.4 The while Loop
1.3.6.5 Continue and Break
1.4 Modules and Scripts
1.4.1 Modules
1.4.2 Write and Run Python Scripts with Spyder
1.4.3 Defining Functions
1.4.4 Classes
1.5 Widely Used Python Libraries for Science and Engineering
1.5.1 Numerical Python Library: NumPy
1.5.1.1 Creating Numpy Arrays
1.5.1.2 Using Array-Generating Functions
1.5.1.3 Index Slicing
1.5.1.4 Read/Write Data
1.5.2 Data Visualization Python Library: matplotlib
1.5.2.1 Getting Started
1.5.2.2 Multiple Axes
1.5.2.3 Basic Text Commands
1.5.2.4 Line and Marker Styles
1.5.3 Scientific Python Library: scipy
1.5.3.1 Special Functions
1.5.3.2 Bessel Functions
1.5.3.3 Fresnel Integrals
1.5.3.4 Interpolation
1.6 Conclusion
Chapter 2: GUI Programming with Python and Qt
2.1 First Steps in GUI Application using PyQt5
2.1.1 Importing PyQt5 and Creating a PyQt5 Window
2.1.2 PyQt Classes
2.1.2.1 PyQT Application Structure
2.1.2.2 Widgets, Events, and Signals
2.1.2.3 QLabel
2.1.2.4 QPushButton
2.1.2.5 QSpinBox
2.1.2.6 QSlider
2.2 The Qt Designer
2.2.1 The Qt Designer Window
2.2.2 The Property Editor
2.2.3 Layout
2.2.4 Qt Designer Preview
2.2.5 Qt Ui File
2.2.6 Matplotlib Widget
2.2.7 An Example: Fraunhoffer Diffraction
2.2.8 Conversion from UI file to Python Code
2.2.8.1 Using Line Command
2.2.8.2 Using a Python Code
2.2.9 The Application: Fraunhofer Diffraction
2.3 Coding GUI Elements
2.4 Conclusion
Chapter 3: Electromagnetic Waves
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Maxwell’s Equations and Electromagnetic Waves
3.3 Wave Equation
3.4 Poynting Vector
3.5 Phase Velocity and Group Velocity
3.6 Harmonic Waves
3.7 Python Code for Drawing a Wave
Chapter 4: Radiometry and Photometry
4.1 Radiometry
4.2 Photometry
Chapter 5: Fermat’s Principle, Reflection, and Refraction
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Fermat’s Principle
5.3 Reflection
5.3.1 Plane Mirrors
5.4 Fresnel Reflection
5.5 Refraction and Snell’s Law
5.5.1 Apparent Depth
5.5.2 Glass Slab
5.6 The Ray Equation
Chapter 6: Lenses and Mirrors
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Sign Convention
6.3 Paraxial Approximation
6.4 Refractive Power of a Spherical Surface
6.5 Focal Lengths
6.6 Ray Diagrams
6.7 Magnification
6.8 Lensmaker’s Formula
6.9 Image Formation by Lenses
6.10 Newton’s Formula
6.11 Spherical Mirrors
Chapter 7: Thick Lenses and Lens Systems
7.1 Cardinal Points
7.1.1 Focal Points
7.1.2 Principal Points
7.1.3 Nodal Planes
7.2 Multiple Refracting Surfaces
Chapter 8: Polarization
8.1 Linear Polarization
8.2 Circular Polarization
8.3 Elliptical Polarization
8.4 Malus’s Law
8.5 Jones Vector
8.5.1 Linear Polarization
8.5.2 Circular Polarization
8.5.3 Elliptical Polarization
8.6 Jones Matrices
8.6.1 Linear Polarizer
8.6.2 Half-Wave and Quarter-Wave Plates
8.6.3 Circular Polarization
8.6.4 Elliptical Polarization
8.7 Optical Rotation
Chapter 9: Interference
9.1 Generalities
9.1.1 Necessary Conditions
9.1.1.1 Polarization
9.1.1.2 Waves Identically Polarized
9.1.1.3 Asynchronous Waves with Constant Initial Phase Shift
9.1.1.4 SynchronousWaves with Constant Initial Phase Shift
9.1.1.5 Synchronous Waves with Random Initial Phase Shift
9.1.1.6 SynchronousWaves with Constant Initial Phase Shift and Arbitrary Polarization
9.1.1.7 Fringe Width
9.1.2 Beat and Propagation Velocity
9.1.2.1 Group Velocity and Phase Velocity
9.2 Wavefront Division
9.2.1 Young Double Slits
9.2.1.1 Optical Path Difference and Phase Shift
9.2.1.2 Slits of Arbitrary Width
9.2.1.3 Infinitely Thin Slits and Fringe Width
9.2.1.4 Contrast or Visibility
9.2.1.5 Fringe Orientation
9.2.2 Lloyd Mirror
9.2.2.1 OPD and Phase Shift
9.2.3 Fresnel Mirrors
9.2.3.1 OPD and Phase Shift
9.2.4 Fresnel Biprism
9.2.4.1 OPD and Phase Shift
9.2.5 Billet Bilens
9.2.5.1 OPD and Phase Shift
9.2.6 Meslin Lenses
9.3 Amplitude Division
9.3.1 Parallel-Faced Plates
9.3.1.1 General Considerations
9.3.1.2 Glass Plates
9.3.2 Corners
9.3.2.1 Newton’s Rings
9.3.2.2 Prismatic Plates
9.3.3 Michelson Interferometer
9.3.3.1 Fringes of Equal Inclination
9.3.3.2 Fringes of Equal Thickness
9.3.4 Mach–Zehnder Interferometer
9.3.5 Fabry–Perot Interferometer
9.3.5.1 Interferometer Efficiency
Chapter 10: Coherence
10.1 Spatial Coherence
10.1.1 Double Mirrors
10.1.2 Broad Slit
10.2 Temporal Coherence
10.2.1 White Light
10.2.2 Finite Number of Wavelengths
10.2.3 Rectangular Continuum Spectra
10.2.4 Gaussian Profile
Chapter 11: Diffraction
11.1 Fraunhofer Diffraction
11.1.1 Rectangular Aperture
11.1.2 Single Slit
11.1.3 Double Slit
11.1.3.1 Two Slits of Different Widths
11.1.3.2 Two Identical Slits: Young Double Slits
11.1.4 Diffraction Grating
11.1.5 Circular Aperture
11.1.5.1 Point Source
11.1.5.2 Rayleigh Criteria
11.2 Fresnel Diffraction
11.2.1 Fresnel Integrals
11.2.1.1 Diffracted Intensity
11.2.1.2 Fresnel Integrals Properties
11.2.2 Clothoid
11.2.2.1 Clothoid Properties
11.2.2.2 Diffraction by a Single Slit
11.2.2.3 Diffraction by an Edge
11.2.3 Diffraction by a Single Slit
11.2.4 Diffraction by an Edge
Appendix A Fresnel Integrals
Index
