Understanding Global Conflict and Cooperation: An Introduction to Theory and History

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Brief Contents......Page 8
Contents......Page 10
Preface......Page 14
Acknowledgments......Page 18
Supplements......Page 19
About the Authors......Page 20
1. Are There Enduring Logics of Conflict and Cooperation in World Politics?......Page 22
What Is International Politics?......Page 24
Differing Views of Anarchic Politics......Page 26
Building Blocks......Page 32
The Peloponnesian War......Page 38
A Short Version of a Long Story......Page 39
Causes and Theories......Page 41
Inevitability and the Shadow of the Future......Page 43
Ethical Questions and International Politics......Page 47
Limits on Ethics in International Relations......Page 48
Three Views of the Role of Morality......Page 50
2. Explaining Conflict and Cooperation: Tools and Techniques of the Trade......Page 60
States, Nations, and Nation-States......Page 61
International Actors, Power, and Authority......Page 65
International System and International Society......Page 71
System Stability and Crisis Stability......Page 73
The “National Interest”......Page 74
Levels of Analysis......Page 76
The Individual Level......Page 77
The State Level......Page 80
The System Level......Page 84
Paradigms and Theories......Page 86
Realism......Page 87
Liberalism......Page 88
Constructivism......Page 93
Counterfactuals and “Virtual History”......Page 96
Proximity in Time......Page 97
Facts......Page 98
3. From Westphalia to World War I......Page 102
Managing Great Power Conflict: The Balance of Power......Page 106
Balances as Distributions of Power......Page 107
Balance of Power as Theory......Page 108
The Nineteenth-Century Balance-of-Power System......Page 111
Structure......Page 112
Process......Page 113
The Origins of World War I......Page 119
Three Levels of Analysis......Page 120
Was War Inevitable?......Page 126
What Kind of War?......Page 129
The Funnel of Choices......Page 131
Lessons of History Again......Page 132
4. The Failure of Collective Security and World War II......Page 137
The Rise and Fall of Collective Security......Page 138
The League of Nations......Page 139
The United States and the League of Nations......Page 141
The Early Days of the League......Page 142
The Manchurian Failure......Page 144
The Ethiopian Debacle......Page 146
The Origins of World War II......Page 147
Hitler’s War?......Page 148
Hitler’s Strategy......Page 149
Systemic and Domestic Causes......Page 154
Was War Inevitable?......Page 156
The Pacific War......Page 157
Appeasement and Two Types of War......Page 161
5. The Cold War......Page 167
Deterrence and Containment......Page 168
Explaining the Cold War......Page 169
Roosevelt’s Policies......Page 172
Stalin’s Policies......Page 173
Phases of the Conflict......Page 174
Inevitability?......Page 180
Levels of Analysis......Page 181
U.S. and Soviet Goals in the Cold War......Page 183
Containment in Action: The Vietnam War......Page 185
Motives, Means, and Consequences......Page 186
The Rest of the Cold War......Page 192
The End of the Cold War......Page 194
The Role of Nuclear Weapons: Physics and Politics......Page 199
Balance of Terror......Page 204
Problems of Nuclear Deterrence......Page 205
The Cuban Missile Crisis......Page 206
Moral Issues......Page 210
6. Conflict and Cooperation in the Post–Cold War World......Page 221
Managing Conflict on the World Stage......Page 222
International Law and International Organization......Page 225
Predictability and Legitimacy......Page 228
The United Nations: Collective Security, Peacekeeping, and Peacebuilding......Page 229
Post–Cold War Armed Conflict: Patterns and Trends......Page 236
Intervention and Sovereignty......Page 240
Defining Intervention......Page 241
Judging Intervention......Page 243
Exceptions to the Rule of Nonintervention......Page 244
Problems of Self-Determination......Page 245
Genocide and the “Responsibility to Protect”......Page 248
7. Current Flashpoints......Page 252
Eastern Europe: A New Cold War?......Page 253
Fragmentation and Ferment in the Near East and Middle East......Page 264
Israel......Page 268
Iraq......Page 278
Iran......Page 284
Afghanistan......Page 289
Syria......Page 292
Yemen......Page 293
Uneasy Standoff: India and Pakistan......Page 295
The Rise of China?......Page 299
The South China Sea......Page 301
The Taiwan Strait......Page 304
The East China Sea......Page 309
Rogue Wildcard: North Korea......Page 311
8. Globalization and Interdependence......Page 319
The Dimensions of Globalization......Page 320
What’s New about Twenty-First-Century Globalization?......Page 322
Political Reactions to Globalization......Page 324
The Concept of Interdependence......Page 326
Sources of Interdependence......Page 327
Benefits of Interdependence......Page 328
Costs of Interdependence......Page 329
Symmetry of Interdependence......Page 331
Leadership and Institutions in the World Economy......Page 334
Realism and Complex Interdependence......Page 338
The Politics of Oil......Page 340
Oil as a Power Resource......Page 344
9. The Information Revolution and Transnational Actors......Page 349
Power and the Information Revolution: From the Invention of Writing to the Arab Awakening......Page 350
Lessons from the Past......Page 351
A New World Politics?......Page 354
Sovereignty and Control......Page 359
The Information Revolution and Complex Interdependence......Page 364
Transnational Actors......Page 367
Nongovernmental Organizations......Page 369
Transnational Terrorism and the “War on Terror”......Page 373
Conclusions......Page 377
10. What Can We Expect in the Future?......Page 380
Five Future Worlds......Page 381
The End of History or the Clash of Civilizations?......Page 386
Technology and the Diffusion of Power......Page 388
Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction......Page 390
Transnational Challenges to Security......Page 393
A New World Order?......Page 403
Future Configurations of Power......Page 404
The Prison of Old Concepts......Page 407
The Evolution of a Hybrid World Order......Page 409
Thinking About the Future......Page 412
Glossary......Page 415
Index......Page 420