Ultrasonics: Physics and Applications

PRELIMS.pdf
Preface
Preface from the Institute for Ultrasonic Electronics
Editor biographies
Mami Matsukawa, Editor-in-chief
Pak-Kon Choi
Kentaro Nakamura
Hirotsugu Ogi
Hideyuki Hasegawa
Contributor biographies
Shingo Akao
Takamitsu Iwaya
Osamu Matsuda
Keiji Sakai
Shin-ichi Sakamoto
Shin-ichiro Umemura
Yoshiaki Watanabe
Oliver B Wright
Kazushi Yamanaka
Shin Yoshizawa
CH001.pdf
Chapter 1 Ultrasound propagation
1.1 Ultrasound propagation in gases and liquids
1.1.1 Frequency of ultrasound
1.1.2 Adiabaticity of sound propagation
1.1.3 Wave equation
1.1.4 Sound velocity
1.1.5 Plane waves
1.2 Ultrasound propagation in solids
1.2.1 Elastic properties of solids
1.2.2 Wave equation in solids
1.3 Absorption and velocity dispersion in fluids
1.3.1 Ultrasound absorption
1.3.2 The relaxation phenomenon
1.3.3 Molecular vibrational relaxation
1.3.4 Examples of the relaxation phenomenon in fluids
1.4 Sound radiation
1.4.1 Sound field produced by a circular piston source
1.4.2 Simulation of a sound field
1.5 Measurement of ultrasound fields by optical methods
1.5.1 Schlieren method
1.5.2 Photoelasticity imaging method
1.5.3 Shadowgraphy method
1.5.4 Luminescence due to acoustic cavitation
References
CH002.pdf
Chapter 2 Wave propagation in/on liquids and spectroscopy of viscoelasticity and surface tension
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Viscoelastic properties of, and wave propagation in liquids
2.1.2 Dynamics of liquid surface properties
2.2 Recent progress in the light-scattering approach to viscoelasticity
2.2.1 Accurate Brillouin scattering experiment based on an optical heterodyne technique
2.2.2 Thermal phonon resonance
2.2.3 Determination of shear, orientational, and coupling viscosities in liquids
2.3 Recent progress in the experimental approach to the dynamic surface phenomena of liquids
2.3.1 Ripplon spectroscopy
2.3.2 Manipulation and observation of micro liquid particles
2.4 Introduction to recent progress in rheometry
2.4.1 The electromagnetic spinning (EMS) rheometer system
2.4.2 Measurement of viscoelasticity using the EMS system equipped with quadruple electromagnets
2.4.3 Examination of the quantum standard for viscosity
References
CH003.pdf
Chapter 3 Optical measurements of ultrasonic fields in air/water and ultrasonic vibration in solids
3.1 Measurement of ultrasonic fields in air/water
3.1.1 Problems arising in ultrasonic field measurement
3.1.2 Probe sensors using optical fibers
3.1.3 Imaging of ultrasonic fields using optical methods
3.1.4 Super directivity in the detection of ultrasonic waves
3.2 Vibration measurement at ultrasonic frequencies
3.2.1 Out-of-plane vibration
3.2.2 In-plane vibration
3.2.3 Fringe-counting method for high-amplitude vibration
3.2.4 Sagnac interferometer for very-high-frequency vibration
3.3 Conclusions and outlook
References
CH004.pdf
Chapter 4 Picosecond laser ultrasonics
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Basics of picosecond laser ultrasonics
4.2.1 Overview
4.2.2 Basic experimental setup
4.2.3 Interferometric setup
4.2.4 One-dimensional model
4.3 Extensions of picosecond laser ultrasonics
4.3.1 Time-resolved Brillouin-scattering measurements assisted by metallic gratings
4.3.2 Generation and detection of shear acoustic waves assisted by metallic gratings
4.4 Summary
References
CH005.pdf
Chapter 5 Ball surface acoustic wave sensor and its application to trace gas analysis
5.1 Introduction
5.2 SAWs on a sphere
5.3 Principles of the ball SAW sensor
5.4 Hydrogen gas sensors
5.5 Trace moisture analyzer
5.5.1 Ball SAW TMA using phase signal for temperature compensation
5.5.2 Ball SAW TMA using amplitude signal for various background gases
5.6 Micro gas chromatography
5.6.1 Concept and problems of gas chromatography
5.6.2 Sensitive film used in the ball SAW gas chromatograph
5.6.3 Palm-sized ball SAW gas chromatograph as an example of micro GC
5.6.4 Analysis of the aroma components of sake — a crystal sommelier
5.7 Conclusions
References
CH006.pdf
Chapter 6 Phase adjuster in a thermoacoustic system
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Thermoacoustic phenomenon leading to steady oscillation
6.2.1 Loop-tube-type thermoacoustic cooling system
6.2.2 Mechanism of thermoacoustic cooling
6.2.3 Variation of resonant wavelength and cooling capacity
6.2.4 Resonant frequency before stable self-excited oscillation: changes in cooling capacity and resonant wavelength observed in the boundary layer
6.2.5 Resonant frequency under conditions of stable self-excited oscillation: influence of total length of, and pressure in the tube
6.3 Progression to phase adjuster
6.4 Beyond the PA
6.5 Conclusions
References
CH007.pdf
Chapter 7 Ultrasonic characterization of bone
7.1 Why should we study bone using ultrasound?
7.2 Ultrasonic wave properties in bone tissues
7.2.1 Conventional ultrasonic characterization in the megahertz range
7.2.2 Microscopic bone evaluation by Brillouin scattering
7.2.3 Piezoelectricity in bone in the megahertz range
7.3 Ultrasonic characterization of cancellous bone
7.3.1 Two-wave phenomenon and clinical application
7.4 Conclusions
References
CH008.pdf
Chapter 8 Acceleration and control of protein aggregation
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Mechanism of acceleration of protein aggregation
8.3 Nonlinear components as indicators for the aggregation reaction
8.4 Supersaturation: a new concept for protein aggregation phenomenon
8.5 Multichannel ultrasonication system for amyloid assay: HANABI
8.6 Summary and future prospects
References
CH009.pdf
Chapter 9 High-frame-rate medical ultrasonic imaging
9.1 Introduction
9.2 High-frame-rate ultrasonic imaging
9.3 Motion estimators
9.3.1 Autocorrelation method
9.3.2 Vector Doppler method
9.3.3 Block-matching method
9.3.4 Spectrum-based motion estimator
9.4 Applications of high-frame-rate ultrasonic imaging
9.4.1 Strain or strain-rate imaging
9.4.2 Measurement of propagation of mechanical waves in tissue
9.4.3 Blood-flow imaging
References
CH010.pdf
Chapter 10 High-intensity focused ultrasound
10.1 Introduction
10.2 HIFU devices
10.3 Measurement and visualization of HIFU fields
10.4 Cavitation
10.5 Ultrasound image guidance
10.6 Concluding remarks
References