U.S. History

3. About U.S. History......Page 10
5. About the authors......Page 12
Chapter 1. The Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492......Page 16
1.1. The Americas*......Page 17
1.2. Europe on the Brink of Change*......Page 27
1.3. West Africa and the Role of Slavery*......Page 33
Glossary......Page 39
Chapter 2. Early Globalization: The Atlantic World, 1492–1650......Page 42
2.1. Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest*......Page 43
2.2. Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World*......Page 51
2.3. Challenges to Spain’s Supremacy*......Page 55
2.4. New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange*......Page 61
Glossary......Page 68
Chapter 3. Creating New Social Orders: Colonial Societies, 1500–1700......Page 72
3.1. Spanish Exploration and Colonial Society*......Page 73
3.2. Colonial Rivalries: Dutch and French Colonial Ambitions*......Page 76
3.3. English Settlements in America*......Page 81
3.4. The Impact of Colonization*......Page 95
Glossary......Page 100
Chapter 4. Rule Britannia! The English Empire, 1660–1763......Page 104
4.1. Charles II and the Restoration Colonies*......Page 105
4.2. The Glorious Revolution and the English Empire*......Page 111
4.3. An Empire of Slavery and the Consumer Revolution*......Page 114
4.4. Great Awakening and Enlightenment*......Page 119
4.5. Wars for Empire*......Page 123
Glossary......Page 129
Chapter 5. Imperial Reforms and Colonial Protests, 1763-1774......Page 134
5.1. Confronting the National Debt: The Aftermath of the French and Indian War*......Page 135
5.2. The Stamp Act and the Sons and Daughters of Liberty*......Page 139
5.3. The Townshend Acts and Colonial Protest*......Page 145
5.4. The Destruction of the Tea and the Coercive Acts*......Page 152
5.5. Disaffection: The First Continental Congress and American Identity*......Page 156
Glossary......Page 160
Chapter 6. America's War for Independence, 1775-1783......Page 164
6.1. Britain’s Law-and-Order Strategy and Its Consequences*......Page 165
6.2. The Early Years of the Revolution*......Page 171
6.3. War in the South*......Page 177
6.4. Identity during the American Revolution*......Page 181
Glossary......Page 188
Chapter 7. Creating Republican Governments, 1776–1790......Page 192
7.1. Common Sense: From Monarchy to an American Republic*......Page 193
7.2. How Much Revolutionary Change?*......Page 196
7.3. Debating Democracy*......Page 204
7.4. The Constitutional Convention and Federal Constitution*......Page 211
Glossary......Page 217
Chapter 8. Growing Pains: The New Republic, 1790–1820......Page 220
8.1. Competing Visions: Federalists and Democratic-Republicans*......Page 221
8.2. The New American Republic*......Page 227
8.3. Partisan Politics*......Page 233
8.4. The United States Goes Back to War*......Page 241
Glossary......Page 247
Chapter 9. Industrial Transformation in the North, 1800–1850......Page 252
9.1. Early Industrialization in the Northeast*......Page 253
9.2. A Vibrant Capitalist Republic*......Page 261
9.3. On the Move: The Transportation Revolution*......Page 269
9.4. A New Social Order: Class Divisions*......Page 272
Glossary......Page 278
Chapter 10. Jacksonian Democracy, 1820–1840......Page 282
10.1. A New Political Style: From John Quincy Adams to Andrew Jackson*......Page 283
10.2. The Rise of American Democracy*......Page 289
10.3. The Nullification Crisis and the Bank War*......Page 292
10.4. Indian Removal*......Page 296
10.5. The Tyranny and Triumph of the Majority*......Page 302
Glossary......Page 306
Chapter 11. A Nation on the Move: Westward Expansion, 1800–1860......Page 310
11.1. Lewis and Clark*......Page 311
11.2. The Missouri Crisis*......Page 317
11.3. Independence for Texas*......Page 319
11.4. The Mexican-American War, 1846–1848*......Page 324
11.5. Free Soil or Slave? The Dilemma of the West*......Page 332
Glossary......Page 336
Chapter 12. Cotton is King: The Antebellum South, 1800–1860......Page 340
12.1. The Economics of Cotton*......Page 341
12.2. African Americans in the Antebellum United States*......Page 346
12.3. Wealth and Culture in the South*......Page 353
12.4. The Filibuster and the Quest for New Slave States*......Page 363
Glossary......Page 367
Chapter 13. Antebellum Idealism and Reform Impulses, 1820–1860......Page 370
13.1. An Awakening of Religion and Individualism*......Page 371
13.2. Antebellum Communal Experiments*......Page 377
13.3. Reforms to Human Health*......Page 382
13.4. Addressing Slavery*......Page 386
13.5. Women’s Rights*......Page 391
Glossary......Page 394
Chapter 14. Troubled Times: the Tumultuous 1850s......Page 398
14.1. The Compromise of 1850*......Page 399
14.2. The Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Republican Party*......Page 408
14.3. The Dred Scott Decision and Sectional Strife*......Page 415
14.4. John Brown and the Election of 1860*......Page 420
Glossary......Page 424
Chapter 15. The Civil War, 1860–1865......Page 428
15.1. The Origins and Outbreak of the Civil War*......Page 429
15.2. Early Mobilization and War*......Page 435
15.3. 1863: The Changing Nature of the War*......Page 440
15.4. The Union Triumphant*......Page 449
Glossary......Page 456
Chapter 16. The Era of Reconstruction, 1865–1877......Page 460
16.1. Restoring the Union*......Page 461
16.2. Congress and the Remaking of the South, 1865–1866*......Page 465
16.3. Radical Reconstruction, 1867–1872*......Page 469
16.4. The Collapse of Reconstruction*......Page 477
Glossary......Page 485
Chapter 17. Go West Young Man! Westward Expansion, 1840-1900......Page 488
17.1. The Westward Spirit*......Page 489
17.2. Homesteading: Dreams and Realities*......Page 495
17.3. Making a Living in Gold and Cattle*......Page 500
17.4. The Loss of American Indian Life and Culture*......Page 505
17.5. The Impact of Expansion on Chinese Immigrants and Hispanic Citizens*......Page 510
Glossary......Page 514
Chapter 18. Industrialization and the Rise of Big Business, 1870-1900......Page 518
18.1. Inventors of the Age*......Page 519
18.2. From Invention to Industrial Growth*......Page 524
18.3. Building Industrial America on the Backs of Labor*......Page 531
18.4. A New American Consumer Culture*......Page 540
Glossary......Page 544
Chapter 19. The Growing Pains of Urbanization, 1870-1900......Page 548
19.1. Urbanization and Its Challenges*......Page 549
19.2. The African American “Great Migration” and New European Immigration*......Page 557
19.3. Relief from the Chaos of Urban Life*......Page 562
19.4. Change Reflected in Thought and Writing*......Page 570
Glossary......Page 576
Chapter 20. Politics in the Gilded Age, 1870-1900......Page 580
20.1. Political Corruption in Postbellum America*......Page 581
20.2. The Key Political Issues: Patronage, Tariffs, and Gold*......Page 588
20.3. Farmers Revolt in the Populist Era*......Page 595
20.4. Social and Labor Unrest in the 1890s*......Page 600
Glossary......Page 607
Chapter 21. Leading the Way: The Progressive Movement, 1890-1920......Page 610
21.1. The Origins of the Progressive Spirit in America*......Page 611
21.2. Progressivism at the Grassroots Level*......Page 613
21.3. New Voices for Women and African Americans*......Page 622
21.4. Progressivism in the White House*......Page 628
Glossary......Page 638
Chapter 22. Age of Empire: American Foreign Policy, 1890-1914......Page 642
22.1. Turner, Mahan, and the Roots of Empire*......Page 643
22.2. The Spanish-American War and Overseas Empire*......Page 649
22.3. Economic Imperialism in East Asia*......Page 656
22.4. Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Foreign Policy*......Page 659
22.5. Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”*......Page 664
Glossary......Page 666
Chapter 23. Americans and the Great War, 1914-1919......Page 670
23.1. American Isolationism and the European Origins of War*......Page 671
23.2. The United States Prepares for War*......Page 677
23.3. A New Home Front*......Page 682
23.4. From War to Peace*......Page 687
23.5. Demobilization and Its Difficult Aftermath*......Page 693
Glossary......Page 698
Chapter 24. The Jazz Age: Redefining the Nation, 1919-1929......Page 702
24.1. Prosperity and the Production of Popular Entertainment*......Page 703
24.2. Transformation and Backlash*......Page 709
24.3. A New Generation*......Page 716
24.4. Republican Ascendancy: Politics in the 1920s*......Page 724
Glossary......Page 728
Chapter 25. Brother, Can You Spare a Dime? The Great Depression, 1929-1932......Page 732
25.1. The Stock Market Crash of 1929*......Page 733
25.2. President Hoover’s Response*......Page 744
25.3. The Depths of the Great Depression*......Page 749
25.4. Assessing the Hoover Years on the Eve of the New Deal*......Page 757
Glossary......Page 761
Chapter 26. Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1932-1941......Page 766
26.1. The Rise of Franklin Roosevelt*......Page 767
26.2. The First New Deal*......Page 771
26.3. The Second New Deal*......Page 780
Glossary......Page 792
Chapter 27. Fighting the Good Fight in World War II, 1941-1945......Page 796
27.1. The Origins of War: Europe, Asia, and the United States*......Page 797
27.2. The Home Front*......Page 804
27.3. Victory in the European Theater*......Page 816
27.4. The Pacific Theater and the Atomic Bomb*......Page 821
Glossary......Page 826
Chapter 28. Post-War Prosperity and Cold War Fears, 1945-1960......Page 830
28.1. The Challenges of Peacetime*......Page 831
28.2. The Cold War*......Page 834
28.3. The American Dream*......Page 843
28.4. Popular Culture and Mass Media*......Page 849
28.5. The African American Struggle for Civil Rights*......Page 852
Glossary......Page 859
Chapter 29. Contesting Futures: America in the 1960s......Page 864
29.1. The Kennedy Promise*......Page 865
29.2. Lyndon Johnson and the Great Society*......Page 872
29.3. The Civil Rights Movement Marches On*......Page 878
29.4. Challenging the Status Quo*......Page 887
Glossary......Page 891
Chapter 30. Political Storms at Home and Abroad, 1968-1980......Page 894
30.1. Identity Politics in a Fractured Society*......Page 895
30.2. Coming Apart, Coming Together*......Page 902
30.3. Vietnam: The Downward Spiral*......Page 910
30.4. Watergate: Nixon’s Domestic Nightmare*......Page 915
30.5. Jimmy Carter in the Aftermath of the Storm*......Page 920
Glossary......Page 924
Chapter 31. From Cold War to Culture Wars, 1980-2000......Page 928
31.1. The Reagan Revolution*......Page 929
31.2. Political and Cultural Fusions*......Page 934
31.3. A New World Order*......Page 940
31.4. Bill Clinton and the New Economy*......Page 946
Glossary......Page 957
Chapter 32. The Challenges of the Twenty-First Century......Page 960
32.1. The War on Terror*......Page 961
32.2. The Domestic Mission*......Page 967
32.3. New Century, Old Disputes*......Page 974
32.4. Hope and Change*......Page 979
Glossary......Page 987
Appendix A. The Declaration of Independence*......Page 992
Appendix B. The Constitution of the United States*......Page 996
Appendix C. Presidents of the United States of America*......Page 1012
Appendix D. U.S. Political Map*......Page 1016
Appendix E. U.S. Topographical Map*......Page 1018
Appendix F. United States Population Chart*......Page 1020
G.2. THE COLONIAL AMERICAS......Page 1022
G.3. REFORM, PROTEST, AND REVOLUTION......Page 1023
G.5. INDUSTRIALIZATION AND TRANSFORMATION......Page 1024
G.7. THE ANTEBELLUM SOUTH......Page 1025
G.9. CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION......Page 1026
G.11. FROM THE GILDED AGE TO THE PROGRESSIVE ERA......Page 1028
G.12. IMPERIAL EXPANSION AND THE FIRST WORLD WAR......Page 1029
G.14. THE GREAT DEPRESSION AND THE NEW DEAL......Page 1030
G.16. FROM CAMELOT TO CULTURE WARS......Page 1031
G.17. TWENTY-FIRST-CENTURY PROBLEMS......Page 1032
Chapter 7......Page 1034
Chapter 12......Page 1035
Chapter 17......Page 1036
Chapter 22......Page 1037
Chapter 26......Page 1038
Chapter 30......Page 1039
Chapter 32......Page 1040
Index......Page 1042