Recent advances in immunology and molecular biology have resulted in new therapeutic approaches being generated and implemented in cancer clinics. The discovery of new antigens, mechanisms of antigen presentation, and interplay of cells involved in anti-tumor immunity have made the clinical control of some cancers more plausible than previously thought. An invaluable source for clinicians, researchers, and students, Tumor Immunology presents an introductory overview of the immunology of cancer including therapeutic approaches. Topics covered include the immune recognition of cancer-tumor antigens, humoral recognition of cancer, and the immunotherapy of cancer.
Author(s): Giorgio Parmiani
Edition: 1
Publisher: Not Avail
Year: 2003
Language: English
Pages: 210
Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Series Preface......Page 7
Contributors......Page 8
Introduction......Page 11
BASIC REFERENCES......Page 17
ADDITIONAL REFERENCES......Page 18
ABBREVIATIONS......Page 20
INTRODUCTION......Page 21
CANCER-TESTIS ANTIGENS......Page 26
DIFFERENTIATION ANTIGENS......Page 29
WIDELY EXPRESSED PROTEINS......Page 32
TUMOR-SPECIFIC ANTIGENS......Page 33
CLASS II MHC RESTRICTED TUMOR ANTIGENS......Page 36
IDENTIFICATION OF EPITOPES ON CANDIDATE ANTIGENS......Page 38
MODULATION OF T CELL RECOGNITION......Page 40
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS......Page 42
REFERENCES......Page 45
ABBREVIATIONS......Page 58
ANTIGEN PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION ARE CRITICAL COMPONENTS OF LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION AND TARGETING......Page 59
ENDOGENOUS PATHWAY OF ANTIGEN PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION......Page 61
EXOGENOUS PATHWAY OF ANTIGEN PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION......Page 62
MHC CLASS I MOLECULES PREFERENTIALLY PRESENT ENDOGENOUSLY SYNTHESIZED PEPTIDE ANTIGENS TO CD8+ T CELLS......Page 64
MHC CLASS II MOLECULES PREFERENTIALLY PRESENT EXOGENOUSLY SYNTHESIZED PEPTIDE ANTIGENS......Page 66
THE ROLE OF THE MHC-ENCODED CLASS I-LIKE (MHC CLASS IB) MOLECULES IS UNKNOWN......Page 67
CD1 MOLECULES PRESENT LIPID ANTIGENS......Page 68
ANTIGEN PRESENTATION BY PROFESSIONAL ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS......Page 69
Dendritic Cells Maturation and Migration......Page 70
Dendritic Cell-Mediated Activation of B Cells and T cells within The Lymph Nodes......Page 72
Cross-Priming or Indirect Antigen Presentation for Activating T Lymphocytes......Page 73
Generating Dendritic Cells In Vitro for Immunization/Vaccination Therapies......Page 75
B LYMPHOCYTES......Page 77
ACTIVATION OF CD8 T LYMPHOCYTES......Page 79
ACTIVATION OF CD4 T LYMPHOCYTES......Page 80
REFERENCES......Page 82
ABBREVIATIONS......Page 88
BASIS FOR T CELL RECOGNITION OF TUMORS......Page 89
ROLE OF T CELLS IN ANTITUMOR RESPONSES......Page 90
DIRECT VS. INDIRECT ANTIGEN PRESENTATION IN CD4+-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE......Page 92
WHY THE HELPER ARM OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO TUMORS MAY BE DEFECTIVE......Page 93
BOTH TH1 AND TH2 CD4+ T CELLS CAN COOPERATE IN ANTITUMOR RESPONSES......Page 94
CD4 T LYMPHOCYTES AND HUMAN CANCER......Page 95
CD8 T CELLS IN HUMAN CANCER......Page 97
WHY CD8-MEDIATED T CELL RESPONSES MAY FAIL TO TAKE PLACE EVEN WHEN TUMORS ARE ANTIGENIC......Page 98
DIRECT VS. INDIRECT ANTIGEN PRESENTATION IN CD8+-MEDIATED ANTI-TUMOR RESPONSES......Page 99
ROLE OF NATURAL KILLER LYMPHOCYTES......Page 100
THE BASIS FOR NK CELL RECOGNITION OF TUMORS......Page 101
MOLECULES AND OF CHEMOKINES .........Page 102
REFERENCES......Page 106
ABBREVIATIONS......Page 110
MECHANISMS FOR B CELL RECOGNITION OF TUMOR ANTIGENS AND FOR EFFECTOR ACTIONS......Page 111
TARGET CANCER ANTIGENS......Page 113
THE BASIS FOR ANTIBODY-MEDIATED THERAPY OF CANCER......Page 116
VACCINES AGAINST GANGLIOSIDES......Page 117
PREPARATION OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES THAT RECOGNIZE CANCER......Page 119
THERAPY WITH MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES......Page 121
CONCLUSION......Page 123
REFERENCES......Page 124
ABBREVIATIONS......Page 127
INTRODUCTION......Page 128
Differences in Therapeutic versus Preventive Vaccines......Page 129
Switching Immune Responses from TH2 to TH1 and Cell Mediated Responses......Page 130
“Helper” Molecules are Needed to Generate Optimal Immune Responses......Page 131
Selecting the Right Adjuvants......Page 132
Antigens Recognized by T Cells......Page 134
Selection of Antigens for Cancer Vaccines......Page 135
Cytokine Gene Transfected Cancer Cells......Page 137
Proteins and Peptides as Vaccines......Page 138
“Naked” DNA Vaccines......Page 141
Dendritic Cells......Page 142
CONCLUSIONS......Page 143
CYTOKINE THERAPY......Page 144
INTERFERONS......Page 146
INTERLEUKIN-2......Page 147
TUMOR ANTIGENS AND INTERLEUKIN-2......Page 152
CHEMOTHERAPY AND INTERLEUKIN-2......Page 153
COMBINATION TREATMENTS WITH INTERLEUKIN-2......Page 154
CONCLUSIONS......Page 157
ADOPTIVE IMMUNOTHERAPY......Page 158
INTRODUCTION......Page 159
LAK AND TILS AS EFFECTORS OF ADOPTIVE IMMUNOTHERAPY......Page 160
Adoptive Immunotherapy with TIL in Melanoma Patients......Page 161
TILs Specificity and the Antigenic Heterogeneity of Target Cells......Page 163
Identification of Relevant Epitopes Recognized by TIL......Page 164
In vitro Selection and Expansion of Antigen-specific TIL......Page 165
REFERENCES......Page 168
ABBREVIATIONS......Page 187
INTRODUCTION......Page 188
MODIFICATION OF TUMOR CELLS THAT INDUCE IMMUNOLOGIC IGNORANCE......Page 189
EVASION BY MHC ALTERED GENE AND CELL SURFACE EXPRESSION......Page 190
Altered MHC Class I Antigen Presentation......Page 193
Structural Defects of β2-Microglobulin Gene......Page 195
Abnormalities that Affect Class I MHC Heavy Chain......Page 196
Modulation of MHC Class I Expression by Viral Infection......Page 197
LOSS OF TUMOR ANTIGEN EXPRESSION......Page 198
EXPRESSION OF MOLECULES THAT INHIBIT T AND NK RESPONSE......Page 199
IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE CYTOKINES......Page 202
EXPRESSION OF MOLECULES THAT OPERATE ON THE APO-FAS PATHWAY......Page 203
ABNORMALITIES IN SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION OF T CELLS......Page 206
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 207
REFERENCES......Page 208
Index......Page 214
