Investigating the theoretical and empirical relationships between transparency and trust in the context of surveillance, this volume argues that neither transparency nor trust provides a simple and self-evident path for mitigating the negative political and social consequences of state surveillance practices. Dominant in both the scholarly literature and public debate is the conviction that transparency can promote better-informed decisions, provide greater oversight, and restore trust damaged by the secrecy of surveillance. The contributions to this volume challenge this conventional wisdom by considering how relations of trust and policies of transparency are modulated by underlying power asymmetries, sociohistorical legacies, economic structures, and institutional constraints. They study trust and transparency as embedded in specific sociopolitical contexts to show how, under certain conditions, transparency can become a tool of social control that erodes trust, while mistrust—rather than trust—can sometimes offer the most promising approach to safeguarding rights and freedom in an age of surveillance. The first book addressing the interrelationship of trust, transparency, and surveillance practices, this volume will be of interest to scholars and students of surveillance studies as well as appeal to an interdisciplinary audience given the contributions from political science, sociology, philosophy, law, and civil society.
Author(s): Lora Anne Viola, Paweł Laidler
Series: Routledge Studies In Surveillance
Edition: 1
Publisher: Routledge | Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Language: English
Commentary: TruePDF
Pages: 283
Tags: Trust: Social Aspects; Transparency (Philosophy): Social Aspects; Electronic Surveillance: Social Aspects
Cover
Half Title
Series Information
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Contributors
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Chapter 1 On the Relationship Between Trust, Transparency, and Surveillance
Introduction
Rethinking the Relationship Between Trust and Transparency
The Contributions of this Volume
Notes
References
Part I Rethinking Transparency’s Relationship to Power and Domination
Chapter 2 The Limits of Transparency as a Tool for Regulating Surveillance: A Comparative Study of the United States, ...
Introduction
The Logics of Transparency: a Critical Reconsideration
Transparency as an Inherent Normative Good
Transparency as Information: a Condition for Democratic Decision-Making
Transparency as Monitoring: a Condition for Democratic Accountability
Transparency as a Condition for Trust
Three Distorting Effects of Transparency
The Transparency Trap: Legislative Reform of Surveillance in the United States, UK, and Germany
The US Case: the USA Freedom Act (2015)
The UK Case: the Investigatory Powers Act (2016)
The German Case: the BND Reform Bill (2016)
Conclusions
Notes
References
Chapter 3 A Neo-Republican Critique of Transparency: The Chilling Effects of Publicizing Power
Introduction
Snowden’s “Denunciation,” Transparency Proposals, and Public Trust
Surveillance and Freedom as Nondomination
Arbitrariness and Chilling Effects
Hierarchical Transparency
Defending the “Demos,” Dominating the “Demoi”
Horizontal Transparency
Conclusion: Freedom, Self-Government, and the Eyeball Test
Note
References
Chapter 4 The Dynamics of Imposed Transparency and Its Role in Deep Social Conflicts
Introduction
The Transparency Concept
Two Types of Transparency
The Dynamics of Imposed Transparency
Imposed Transparency in the OPT
Case Study A: the Dynamics Around Checkpoints in the West Bank
First Move: Deploying the Checkpoints
Second Move: Monitoring Checkpoints By Human Rights NGOs
Third Move: New Hi-Tech Indoor Checkpoints
Case Study B: the Dynamics Around Palestinian Human Rights NGOs
First Move: Monitoring Human Rights Violations
Second Move: Attack From the Right-Wing
Third Move: Minimal Transparency
Conclusion
Notes
References
Chapter 5 Classifying and Dividing Labor: The Political Economy of Racializing Surveillance
Introduction
Race and the Exploitation, Expropriation, and Disposability of Labor
Racializing Surveillance in the United States (Settler) Colonial Past and Present
Neocolonial Racialization Through Welfare Surveillance
Conclusion
References
Part II Transparency and Trust as Institutional Constraints and Critical Praxis
Chapter 6 Secrecy Versus Transparency in the US National Security Surveillance State
Introduction
National Security Surveillance Pre-Snowden
The Cold War Era
The Post-9/11 Era
National Security Surveillance Post-Snowden
A Culture of Interbranch Secrecy?
The Illusion of Transparency
References
Chapter 7 Secret Surveillance in Poland After Snowden: Between Secrecy and Transparency
Introduction
Legal Framework After 2013
Institutional and Systemic Challenges
The Role of the Constitutional Tribunal
Conclusion
Notes
References
Chapter 8 Legal Safeguards and Oversight Innovations for Bulk Surveillance: An International Comparative Analysis
Introduction
Methods
Building Blocks of the Good Practice Compendium
Phase 1: Strategic Planning
Phase 2: Application Process (“warrantry”)
Phase 3: Authorization/approval
Phase 4: Collection and Filtering
Collection
Filtering
Phase 5: Data Processing
Data Storage
Data Maintenance
Data Sharing
Data Deletion
Phase 6: Analysis
Phase 7: Review and Evaluation
Phase 8: Reporting
Conclusion
Notes
References
Chapter 9 Transparency and Surveillance of End Users On Social Media Platforms: A View of Structural Economic Factors
Introduction
On the Relationship Between Transparency and Surveillance
Economic Underpinnings of Surveillance and Transparency On Social Media Platforms
Concentration in Markets for Social Media and Its Implications for Mass Surveillance
A Multisided Market Strategy and Its Implications for Mass Surveillance
Strategy Toward End Users
Strategy Toward Developers
Strategy Toward Advertising Clients
Conclusion: (Asymmetric) Transparency and Surveillance On Social Media Platforms
Notes
References
Part III Sources of Trust and Virtues of Mistrust in an Age of Surveillance
Chapter 10 Trust and Surveillance: An Odd Couple Or a Perfect Pair?
Introduction
The Relationship Between Trust and Surveillance
The Emergence of Trust
The Institutionalist Take On Trust and Surveillance Attitudes
A Sociocultural Perspective On Trust and Surveillance
Conclusion
References
Chapter 11 Trustworthy Humans and Machines: Vulnerable Trustors and the Need for Trustee Competence, Integrity, ...
Introduction: Trust and Digital Mediation
Trust as Control: the Rationalistic Instrumental Paradigm
Trust as Care: On the Trustor’s Vulnerability and the Trustee’s Benevolence
The Caring One (Trustee) and the Vulnerable Other (Trustor)
From Credible Machines to Dependable Systems: Drawing a Distinction Between Dependability and Trustworthiness
Trustworthy Trustees Writing Information Security and Privacy Policies
On the Authenticity of Trustworthy Trustees: Authentication and Authorization
Mechanisms to Extend the Roots of Trust
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Notes
References
Chapter 12 Why a Militantly Democratic Lack of Trust in State Surveillance Can Enable Better and More Democratic Security
Introduction
On the Relation of Trust and Transparency to Oversight of Surveillance
A Constructive Lack of Trust and a Militantly Democratic Approach Within Civil Society
Oversight of Surveillance Policies and Practices in Times of Authoritarian Drift
Germany: Oversight of Intelligence and Law Enforcement Agencies
Oversight of Surveillance Technologies Outsourcing
United States: Oversight of Governmental Agencies and Outsourcing of Surveillance and Intelligence Technologies and Services
Some Lessons for and From Militant Democracy
Conclusions and Recommendations
References
Outlook
Chapter 13 Surveillance, Transparency, and Trust: Critical Challenges From the COVID-19 Pandemic
Introduction
Pandemic Surveillance: Transparency and Trust
Understanding Trust and Transparency Sociologically
What Conditions Are Required for Human Flourishing?
Mobilizing Publics, From Grassroots to Global
References
Index
