Numerous books exist on traumatic brain injury, yet none comprehensively cover evaluation from both clinical and forensic standpoints. Traumatic Brain Injury: Methods for Clinical and Forensic Neuropsychiatric Assessment is the first medical book to guide treatment practitioners not only in methods for evaluating traumatic brain injury in adults and children, but also in the important elements of forensic brain injury assessment.From the clinical aspect, the book details neurobehavioral data analysis and describes how to apply it to treatment planning and pharmacotherapy following traumatic brain injury. From the forensic perspective, it provides methods for detecting deception at examination and emphasizes the important legal concepts of causation, damages, and impairment determination following traumatic brain injury.The text provides multiple explanatory tables, structural and functional brain imaging figures, and liberal case examples of actual traumatic brain injury examinations and reports. The practical and pragmatic approach offered in Traumatic Brain Injury: Methods for Clinical and Forensic Neuropsychiatric Assessment will aid clinicians and forensic specialists in comprehensively evaluating the TBI patient and successfully presenting the evaluation in the courtroom.
Author(s): Robert P. Granacher Jr.
Edition: 1
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2003
Language: English
Pages: 486
EEn......Page 0
TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY: Methods for Clinical and Forensic Neuropsychiatric Assessment......Page 1
Back Cover......Page 2
Copyright Info......Page 4
Preface......Page 5
Author......Page 6
TOC......Page 7
INTRODUCTION......Page 18
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY......Page 19
CLASSIFICATION OF HEAD INJURY......Page 20
BIOMECHANIC MECHANISMS IN TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY......Page 21
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY......Page 23
NEUROCHEMICAL CHANGES FOLLOWING TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY......Page 24
APOPTOSIS FOLLOWING TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY......Page 25
Contusions and Lacerations......Page 26
Hemorrhage and Hematoma......Page 27
Subdural Hematoma......Page 28
Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage......Page 29
Ischemic Brain Injury......Page 30
VASCULAR FAILURE......Page 31
BRAIN SHIFT AND HERNIATION......Page 32
THE GENETIC COMPONENT OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY......Page 33
CHOLINERGIC MECHANISMS AND NEURODEGENERATION......Page 34
REFERENCES......Page 35
Disorders of Attention......Page 42
Disorders of Memory......Page 43
Visual-Perceptual Disorders......Page 45
Executive Disorders......Page 46
Intellectual Disorders......Page 47
Disorders of Attention......Page 48
Disorders of Language......Page 49
Intellectual Disorders......Page 50
FRONTAL LOBE SYNDROMES......Page 52
Apathetic and Akinetic (Mediofrontal) Syndromes......Page 53
POSTTRAUMATIC SEIZURE DISORDERS......Page 54
POSTTRAUMATIC HEADACHE......Page 55
POSTTRAUMATIC HYPERSOMNOLENCE......Page 56
Depression......Page 57
Mania......Page 58
ANXIETY DISORDER......Page 59
PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS......Page 61
PERSONALITY CHANGES FOLLOWING TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY......Page 62
AGGRESSION AND ANGER......Page 63
REFERENCES......Page 64
POSTTRAUMA SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT......Page 73
Attention......Page 74
Speech and Language......Page 75
Memory and Orientation......Page 76
Visuospatial and Constructional History......Page 77
Executive Function History......Page 78
Obtaining the History of Affective and Mood Changes......Page 79
Questioning the Patient about Risk to Self or Others......Page 81
ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING......Page 82
PAST MEDICAL HISTORY......Page 83
PAST NEUROPSYCHIATRIC HISTORY......Page 85
SOCIAL HISTORY......Page 86
REVIEW OF SYSTEMS......Page 88
POSTTRAUMA SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT......Page 89
Speech and Language......Page 90
Visuospatial and Constructional History......Page 91
Obtaining the History of Affective and Mood Changes......Page 92
NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DEVELOPMENT HISTORY......Page 93
PAST PEDIATRIC HISTORY......Page 94
SOCIAL HISTORY......Page 95
EMERGENCY ROOM RECORDS......Page 96
THE HOSPITAL RECORD......Page 97
COGNITIVE REHABILITATION RECORDS......Page 98
OCCUPATIONAL AND PHYSICAL THERAPY RECORDS......Page 99
TAKING THE COLLATERAL HISTORY......Page 100
REFERENCES......Page 102
INTRODUCTION......Page 108
ATTENTION......Page 109
SPEECH AND LANGUAGE......Page 111
MEMORY AND ORIENTATION......Page 114
VISUOSPATIAL AND CONSTRUCTIONAL ABILITY......Page 117
EXECUTIVE FUNCTION......Page 118
AFFECT AND MOOD......Page 119
THOUGHT PROCESSING, CONTENT, AND PERCEPTION......Page 121
MENTAL SCREENING EXAMINATION......Page 124
THE ADULT NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION......Page 126
Cranial Nerve II......Page 127
Cranial Nerves III, IV, and VI......Page 128
Cranial Nerve VIII......Page 129
Cranial Nerves IX and X......Page 130
Muscle Tone......Page 131
ABNORMAL INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS......Page 133
SENSORY EXAMINATION......Page 134
REFLEXES......Page 135
COORDINATION: CEREBELLAR......Page 136
THE CHILD MENTAL EXAMINATION......Page 137
MEMORY AND ORIENTATION......Page 138
VISUOSPATIAL AND CONSTRUCTIONAL ABILITY......Page 139
THE CHILD NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION......Page 140
CRANIAL NERVES......Page 141
COORDINATION: CEREBELLAR......Page 143
REFERENCES......Page 144
INTRODUCTION......Page 149
Use in the Acute Care Setting......Page 150
Skull Fracture......Page 151
Contusions......Page 152
Brain Stem Injury......Page 153
Subdural Hematoma......Page 154
Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage......Page 155
Diffuse Axonal Hemorrhage......Page 156
Posttraumatic Neurodegeneration......Page 157
Contusions......Page 159
Brain Stem Injury......Page 160
Subdural Hematoma......Page 161
Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage......Page 162
Intraventricular Hemorrhage......Page 163
Diffuse Axonal Injury......Page 164
Posttraumatic Neurodegeneration......Page 165
SINGLE-PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY......Page 167
SPECT and the Pathophysiology of Acute Brain Injury......Page 168
SPECT and Neuropsychological Outcome......Page 170
PET and the Pathophysiology of Acute Brain Injury......Page 171
PET and Mild Head Injury......Page 173
FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING......Page 174
MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY......Page 175
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY......Page 176
REFERENCES......Page 177
INTRODUCTION......Page 185
BASIC STATISTICS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING......Page 186
MEASURING COGNITIVE DISTORTION......Page 188
Test of Memory Malingering......Page 190
ESTABLISHING A PREINJURY COGNITIVE BASELINE......Page 191
Wechsler Test of Adult Reading......Page 193
The Neuroanatomical and Neuroimaging Bases of Attention......Page 194
The Neuropsychological Measurement of Attention......Page 197
The Neuroanatomical and Neuroimaging Bases of Memory......Page 201
The Neuropsychological Measurement of Memory......Page 203
The Neuroanatomical and Neuroimaging Bases of Language......Page 204
The Neuropsychological Measurement of Language......Page 207
The Neuroanatomical and Neuroimaging Bases of Visuoperception......Page 209
The Neuropsychological Measurement of Visuospatial and Perceptual Ability......Page 211
The Neuroanatomical and Neuroimaging Bases of Sensorimotor Function......Page 213
The Neuropsychological Measurement of Sensorimotor Function......Page 214
The Neuroanatomical Bases of Executive Frontal Lobe Function......Page 216
The Neuropsychological Measurement of Executive Function......Page 217
Kaufman’s Brief Test of Intelligence......Page 219
Test of Nonverbal Intelligence......Page 220
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III......Page 221
Wechsler Individual Achievement Test-II......Page 222
Kiddie Continuous Performance Test......Page 224
Children’s Memory Scale......Page 225
MEASURING LANGUAGE IN CHILDREN......Page 226
MEASURING VISUOPERCEPTUAL ABILITY IN CHILDREN......Page 227
Measuring Sensorimotor Function in Children......Page 228
Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System......Page 229
Cognitive Assessment System......Page 230
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III......Page 231
MEASURING COGNITIVE INJURY IN THE VERY YOUNG CHILD......Page 232
REFERENCES......Page 233
EFFECTS UPON AFFECT AND MOOD......Page 241
Beck Anxiety Inventory......Page 242
Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III......Page 243
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2......Page 244
Personality Assessment Inventory......Page 245
State–Trait Anxiety Inventory......Page 246
Aggression Questionnaire......Page 247
Buss–Durkee Hostility Inventory......Page 248
EFFECTS OF BRAIN INJURY UPON SEXUALITY......Page 249
PSYCHOSOCIAL FUNCTIONING......Page 250
DRIVING BEHAVIORS FOLLOWING TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY......Page 251
TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY AND IMPACT UPON EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE......Page 252
Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome......Page 253
Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i)......Page 254
Adolescent Psychopathology Scale......Page 256
Behavior Assessment System for Children......Page 257
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent......Page 258
Multiscore Depression Inventory for Children......Page 260
AGGRESSION......Page 261
THE ADULT......Page 262
THE CHILD......Page 263
Neurobehavioral Functioning Inventory......Page 264
REFERENCES......Page 265
THE INJURY RECORD......Page 270
History......Page 273
Mental Status Examination......Page 274
Neurological Examination......Page 275
Neurocognitive Measures......Page 276
Behavioral Measures......Page 277
ESTABLISHING NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DEFICITS......Page 278
PHARMACOLOGIC MANAGEMENT OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY SYMPTOMS......Page 280
Antidepressants......Page 281
Antiepileptic Drugs......Page 283
Neuroleptic Drugs......Page 285
Anxiolytic Medications......Page 286
Cholinergic Cognitive Enhancers......Page 287
Psychostimulants......Page 288
Dopamine Agonists and Amantadine......Page 289
Other Categories of Drugs......Page 290
INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOTHERAPY FOLLOWING TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY......Page 292
FAMILY INTERVENTIONS AND THERAPY......Page 294
COGNITIVE REHABILITATION......Page 295
Introduction......Page 296
Past Medical and Psychiatric History......Page 297
Neurological Examination......Page 298
Standardized Mental Assessment......Page 299
Neurobehavioral Analysis......Page 304
History of the Accident......Page 307
Review of Systems and Activities of Daily Living......Page 308
Standardized Mental Assessment......Page 309
Neurobehavioral Analysis......Page 315
History of the Accident......Page 317
History from the Patient......Page 318
Mental Status Examination......Page 319
Standardized Mental Assessment......Page 320
Diagnoses......Page 324
Treatment Planning......Page 325
REFERENCES......Page 326
INTRODUCTION......Page 333
ARE YOU EXAMINING A PATIENT OR AN EXAMINEE ?......Page 334
ETHICS AND BOUNDARY ISSUES OF THE FORENSIC NEUROPSYCHIATRIC EXAMINATION......Page 335
FRYE V. UNITED STATES: GENERAL ACCEPTANCE STANDARD......Page 336
THE DAUBERT RULE......Page 337
CASE LAW SINCE DAUBERT......Page 338
MALINGERING......Page 339
DETECTION OF COGNITIVE MALINGERING......Page 342
Detecting False Memory Complaints......Page 345
Detecting False Executive Function Complaints......Page 346
Detecting False Visuospatial Function Complaints......Page 347
Using IQ Tests to Detect Poor Effort......Page 348
The MMPI-2 in Detection of Psychological Malingering......Page 349
The Personality Assessment Inventory in Detection of Psychological Malingering......Page 354
The Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms......Page 356
REFERENCES......Page 357
INTRODUCTION......Page 362
CAUSATION......Page 363
DAMAGES......Page 364
ADULT OUTCOMES FOLLOWING TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY......Page 365
CHILD OUTCOMES FOLLOWING TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY......Page 369
Outcome from Moderate Head Injury......Page 371
ADULT COMPETENCE......Page 372
DETERMINING IMPAIRMENT FOLLOWING TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY......Page 374
DISABILITY DETERMINATION FOLLOWING TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY......Page 379
FORENSIC MEDICAL HISTORY......Page 380
FORENSIC MEDICAL HISTORY QUESTIONNAIRE......Page 382
REFERENCES......Page 391
THE POLICE RECORD OR INJURY REPORT......Page 396
EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT RECORDS......Page 398
THE NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL RECORD......Page 399
OUTPATIENT TREATMENT......Page 400
COLLATERAL HISTORY SOURCES......Page 401
ACADEMIC AND EMPLOYMENT RECORDS......Page 402
DEPOSITIONS......Page 403
CAUSATION ANALYSIS......Page 404
DAMAGES ANALYSIS......Page 405
CASE 1: MALINGERING BRAIN INJURY ATTRIBUTED TO RAILROAD INJURY......Page 406
HISTORY FROM THE INJURY RECORDS......Page 407
PAST MEDICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC HISTORY......Page 409
MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION......Page 410
Measures of Cognitive and Psychological Effort......Page 411
Assessment of Emotional Adjustment......Page 412
FORENSIC NEUROBEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS......Page 413
INTRODUCTION......Page 414
FAMILY AND SOCIAL HISTORY......Page 415
MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION......Page 416
STANDARDIZED MENTAL ASSESSMENT......Page 417
Measures Providing Estimates of Preinjury Function......Page 418
Language and Language-Related Skills......Page 419
Sensory Perceptual Skills......Page 420
Executive Function......Page 421
Test Intelligence......Page 422
FORENSIC NEUROBEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS......Page 423
PAST MEDICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC HISTORY......Page 426
REVIEW OF SYSTEMS AND ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING......Page 427
STANDARDIZED MENTAL ASSESSMENT......Page 428
DIAGNOSES......Page 430
FORENSIC NEUROBEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS......Page 431
REFERENCES......Page 432
THE PURPOSE AND AUDIENCE......Page 433
THE STYLE OF THE REPORT......Page 434
ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 436
REPORT 1: RIGHT DEPRESSED TEMPORAL BONE FRACTURE IN AN ADULT......Page 437
REPORT 2: CLOSED-HEAD INJURY IN A TEENAGER......Page 453
REPORT 3: MALINGERING APHASIA AND HEMIPARESIS......Page 468
EXPERT TESTIMONY......Page 479
DEPOSITION FOR DISCOVERY......Page 480
DEPOSITION FOR EVIDENCE......Page 481
COMMUNICATING THE MESSAGE......Page 482
CROSS-EXAMINATION......Page 484
REFERENCES......Page 485
