Transportation Energy and Dynamics

Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
General
Introduction to Sustainable Transportation System
Rail and Road Transportation
Sustainable Rail Fuel Production from Biomass
1 Introduction
2 Energy Supply and Demand in the Transport Sector
2.1 Environmental Impact Legislation
3 Energy in the Railway Sector
3.1 Biofuels Contribution
4 Current Status and Future Perspectives in the Railway Sector
5 Conclusion
References
Automatic Speed Control of Heavy-Haulers Trains
1 Introduction
2 Model of Automatic Speed Control System
3 Assessment of the Quality of Freight Train Speed Control
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
A Study on the Strength Analysis of Interior Plate for Rolling-Type Gangway of Urban Railroad Vehicle
1 Introduction
2 Mechanical Property Testing of Rolling-Type Interior Plate
2.1 Manufacture of Rolling-Type Interior Plate
2.2 Specimens for Measuring Mechanical Properties
2.3 Tests on Mechanical Properties of Interior Plate
3 Strength Analysis of Rolling-Type Interior Plate
3.1 EN 16286-1 Load Requirements for Interior Plates for Gangways
3.2 Structural Analysis of Interior Plate According to Load Requirements
4 Conclusion
References
Operation and Patronage Dynamics of the Lagos Shuttle Train Services, Lagos, Nigeria
1 Introduction
2 Literature Underpinnings
2.1 Rail Transport Operation Dynamics
2.2 Rail Transport Patronage Dynamics
2.3 Rail Transport Operation and Patronage in Nigeria
2.4 Empirical Studies on Rail Transport Operation and Patronage
3 Methodology
3.1 Study Area
3.2 Sampling Procedure
3.3 Survey Instruments
3.4 Data Analysis
4 Results and Discussion of Findings
4.1 Profiles of Operators of Lagos Shuttle Train
4.2 Socio-economic Characteristics of Passengers
4.3 Operation and Patronage Dynamics
5 Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendations
References
Linear Motor-Based High-Speed Rail Transit System: A Sustainable Approach
1 Introduction
2 High-Speed Rail as a Traction System
2.1 Rolling Stock Formation
2.2 General Power Circuit of Electric Multiple Units
2.3 Operation and Maintenance Routing of High-Speed System
3 Advancements Achieved for Betterment of High-Speed Rail Technology
3.1 Advancements in Power Electronic Transformer Technology
3.2 Advancements in Power Converter Drive
3.3 Advancements in Power Electronic Devices
3.4 Advancements in Energy Storage Systems
3.5 Advancements in Maintenance Technology
3.6 Advancements in High-Speed Rail Body Material
3.7 Advancements in High-Speed Rail Body Shape
3.8 Advancements in High-Speed Rail Bogie
3.9 Advancements in Traction Motors
4 Development of Linear Motor-Propelled Rail Technology
4.1 Magnetic Levitation
4.2 Linear Propulsion
4.3 Guidance
4.4 Contactless Power Supply
4.5 Operation and Control
5 Present Scenario of High-Speed Rail Technology and Its Relevance to Country like India
6 Conclusion
References
Approach to Assist in the Discovery of Railway Accident Scenarios Based on Supervised Learning
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Positioning of the Study in Relation to the State of the Art
4 Motivations and Objectives
5 Result 1: Functional Safety Assessment Approach
5.1 Collection of Historical Data
5.2 Classification Step
5.3 Assessment Step
6 Result 2: Software Safety Assessment Method
7 Validation
8 Conclusion
References
Predicting the Effect on Land Values After Introducing High-Speed Rail
1 Introduction
2 Research Methodologies
2.1 Integration Between Theory and Case Studies
2.2 Analysis Method
3 High-Speed Rail System and the Impact on Land Values
3.1 Impact on Different Places
3.2 Heterogeneous Impacts of HSR on Land Values and Property Prices
3.3 Key Observations Made from Large Cities
3.4 Key Observations Made from Small Cities
4 Case Study
4.1 Overview of Mumbai–Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail (MAHSR) Corridor
5 Data Collection and Data Analysis
5.1 Data Collection on the Population Dynamics Along MAHSR
5.2 Data Analysis of the Population Dynamics Along MAHSR
5.3 Data Analysis on the Effect of Population Dynamics on Land Price Along MAHSR
6 Results and Discussion
7 Research Recommendations
8 Conclusion
References
Comparative Study of Regenerative Braking at Different Gradients for Indian Railways WAP-7 Locomotive Incorporating a Flywheel Model
1 Introduction
2 Current Scenario of Regenerative Braking in Indian Railways
2.1 Braking of a WAP-7 Locomotive
3 Mathematical Modelling of WAP-7 Locomotive
3.1 Equations Governing Train Dynamics
3.2 Tractive Effort
3.3 Track Resistance
3.4 Force Due to Gradient
3.5 Train Parameters
4 Drive Cycle and Energy Estimation
4.1 Energy Estimations
4.2 Calculating Efficiencies
5 Results and Discussion
5.1 Velocity Step Method for Determining the Driving Cycle
5.2 Velocity–Time Curve
5.3 Acceleration-Time Curve
5.4 Power–Time Curve
5.5 Traction Energy–Time Curve
5.6 Braking Energy–Time Curve
5.7 Energy Comparison of WAP-7 Running with and Without FESS
5.8 Effect of Various Gradients
6 Conclusions
References
Multibody Model of Freight Railcars Interaction in a Train
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Model of Spatial Oscillations of a Single Railcar
2.2 Model of Spatial Oscillations of a Railcar According to a Simplified Scheme
2.3 Forces of Interaction Between Railcars
2.4 Spatial Oscillations of Railcars in a Train
3 Summary
References
Sustainable Energy and Environment
Sustainable Energy via Thermochemical and Biochemical Conversion of Biomass Wastes for Biofuel Production
1 Introduction
1.1 Need for Alternative Energy
1.2 Biomass
1.3 Lignocellulosic Biomass as a Source of Renewable Energy
2 Biomass Chemistry
2.1 Chemistry of Biomass Components
2.2 The Structural Properties of Lignocellulose
2.3 Lignin, Cellulose, and Hemicellulose Interactions Chemical
3 Role of Biomass in Energy Generation
3.1 Biomass Energy
3.2 Biofuels
3.3 Biofuel from a Few Familiar Biomass Sources
4 Chemistry of Biomass Conversion to Energy
4.1 The Use of Biomass
4.2 Criteria for Selecting Biomass
5 Catalysis in the Conversion of Biomass
5.1 Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysis
5.2 Technologies for Converting Biomass
6 Thermochemical Conversion
6.1 Pyrolysis
6.2 Gasification
6.3 Biomass Gasification Mechanism
6.4 Pretreatments and Feedstock for Gasification
6.5 By-products of Biomass Gasification
6.6 Upgrading Methods for Bio-oil
6.7 Syngas Processing
6.8 Hydrothermal Conversion of Biomass
6.9 Dry Biomass HTL
6.10 HTL for Wet Biomass
6.11 Mechanism of HTL
6.12 Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction
7 The Biochemical Transformation of Biomass
7.1 Technologies for Biochemical Conversion
7.2 Biogas
7.3 Power Generation Based on Biogas
References
Process Management in Green Manufacturing
1 Introduction
2 Product Design for Sustainability
3 Sustainable Manufacturing Processes
3.1 Sustainable Cutting Fluid Workbench
3.2 Formulations of Vegetable-Based Cutting Fluid
3.3 Evaluation of Cutting Fluid Standard Approach
3.4 MQL—Mist Application Process
3.5 Cutting Fluid Cost Model
3.6 Optimization of Machining Process Utilizing Cutting Fluid
4 Sustainable Manufacturing Systems
4.1 Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM)
4.2 Links Between Industry 4.0 and Sustainable Manufacturing
4.3 The Economic and Social Effects of Smart Manufacturing
5 Other Factors for Green Manufacturing
6 Discussion
7 Conclusion
References
Heavy Metals Contaminants Threat to Environment: It’s Possible Treatment
1 Introduction
1.1 Sources of Heavy Metals
1.2 Arsenic (As)
1.3 Cadmium (Cd)
1.4 Chromium (Cr)
1.5 Lead (Pb)
1.6 Mercury (Hg)
1.7 Nickel (Ni)
2 Literature Review
3 Methodology
4 Discussion
4.1 Influence on Heavy Metals Make Toxic Impact on the Environment
4.2 Influence of Heavy Metals on Human
4.3 Influence of Heavy Metals on Plants
4.4 Influence of Heavy Metals on Soil
4.5 Possible Treatment Ways for Heavy Metals in the Environment
5 Conclusion
References
Operational Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Air, Rail, Road, and Sea Transport Modes in Life Cycle Perspective
1 Introduction
1.1 Literature Review
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results and Conclusions
References
Materials and Design
Mobile Aerial Ropeways Based on Autonomous Self-Propelled Chassis: Designs and Operation
1 Introduction
2 Structural and Functional Schemes and Operation Principles of a Mobile Ropeways
3 Promising Design Variants of Terminal Units, their Classification
4 Design and Operation Principles of Typical Modifications of Terminal Units
4.1 Terminal Units of Types Cc1-n/h Cc2-n/h
4.2 Terminal Units of Types Kk11-n/h, Kk12-n/h, Kk21-n/h and Kk22-n/h
4.3 Terminal Units of Types By1-n/h and By2-n/h
4.4 Units of Types By1-n/h and By2-n/h
5 Conclusion
References
Design and Analysis of Turbocharger Turbine Wheel Using Composite Materials
1 Introduction
2 Modelling of Turbine Wheel
3 Materials and methods
3.1 Materials
3.2 Meshing
4 Results and Discussions
4.1 Static Analysis Results
4.2 Analysis of CFD Results
5 Conclusions
References
Technology Driven Application
Deploying Machine Learning Algorithms for Predictive Maintenance of High-Value Assets of Indian Railways
1 Introduction
2 Machine Learning Models in Predictive Maintenance
2.1 Calculating Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of Equipment
2.2 High-Value Assets of the Indian Railways
2.3 Research Opportunities
3 Mathematical Modelling
3.1 Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Their Working
3.2 Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Networks and Their Working
4 Research Methodology
4.1 Data Pre-Processing
4.2 Developing the LSTM Model
5 Results
6 Discussion
7 Conclusion
References
Developing and Validating a Verbal Alert Utility Scale for Intelligent Transportation Systems: To Address the Safety of Transportation Cyber-Physical Systems
1 Introduction
2 Development of Scale: Method
2.1 Participants
2.2 Material
2.3 Procedure
2.4 Results
3 Validation of Scale: New York Case Study
3.1 Participants
3.2 Apparatus
3.3 Material
3.4 Experiment Design
3.5 Procedure
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Split-Half Reliability
4.2 Factor Analysis
4.3 Criterion Validity
4.4 Scale Sensitivity
5 Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Framework for Digital Supply Chains and Analysis of Impact of Challenges on Implementation of Digital Transformation
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Framework to Digitally Transform the Supply Chain
3.1 Pre-requisites
3.2 Digitalization
3.3 Technology Implementation
4 Framework and Methodology
5 Application of Interpretive Structural Modelling for the Obstacles of Digital Transformation of a Supply Chain
6 Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification (MICMAC) Analysis
7 Results and Discussion
8 Conclusion
References
Design and Modelling of Digital Twin Technology to Improve Freight Logistics
1 Introduction
2 Digital Twin Technology
2.1 Origin of Digital Twin
2.2 Digital Twin Comes of Age
2.3 Constitutes of Digital Twin
2.4 Underlying Technologies
2.5 Characterization Criteria
2.6 Key Technologies
2.7 Technical Implementation
2.8 Challenges in DT
2.9 Benefits
3 Industrial Applications
3.1 Manufacturing
3.2 Materials Science
3.3 Healthcare
3.4 Urban Planning
3.5 Industrial Products
3.6 Energy Sector
4 Freight Logistics Digital Twin
4.1 Implementation in Freight Logistics
4.2 Containers and Packaging
4.3 Shipments
4.4 Warehouses and Distribution Centres
4.5 Infrastructure for Logistics
4.6 Global Logistics Networks
5 Discussion and Recommendations
5.1 Improving Freight Logistics
5.2 Inbound to Manufacturing
5.3 Logistics Within the Plant
5.4 After-sales Logistics
5.5 Supply Chain Network Design
5.6 Value Creation
6 Conclusion and Future Scope
References