During the past 20 years, transgenesis has become a popular technique and a crucial tool for molecular geneticists and biologists. Transgene expression is now better-controlled and even specifically inducible by exogenous factors. While these techniques have quite significantly transformed the experimental approaches taken by biologists, the applications are more limited than expected and concerns have arisen regarding biosafety as well as physiological, social, and philosophical issues.
Transgenic Animals: Generation and Use contains articles on the techniques used to generate transgenic animals and a section on the preparation of vectors for the optimally controlled expression of transgenes. It also examines the use of transgenic animals in the study of gene function and human diseases, the preparation of recombinant proteins and organs for pharmaceutical and medical use, and the improvement of genetic characteristics of farm animals. Finally, it discusses more recent problems generated by transgenic animals including conservation of transgenic lines, specific database patenting, biosafety, and bioethics.
Drawn from both academia and industry, the contributors to this monograph present in one concise volume all the relevant information on the different aspects of transgenesis. This book can be used as both a reference book and a textbook for specialized university courses and will be of interest to everyone involved in basic research in animal biology, molecular genetics, animal biotechnology, pharmaceutical science, and medicine.
Author(s): Louis Marie Houdebine
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 1997
Language: English
Pages: 598
City: Boca Raton
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Contributors
Part I Overview
1: Overview
Part II: The Techniques for Gene Transfer
Section A: Gene Transfer into Mammal Embryos
2: Transgenic Rats
3: The Generation of Transgenic Rabbits
4: Techniques and Problems in Producing Transgenic Pigs
5: Gene Transfer into Goat Embryos
6: The Generation of Transgenic Sheep by Pronuclear Microinjection
7: Gene Microinjection into Bovine Pronuclei
8: DNA Delivery by Cytoplasmic Injection
9: The Direct Gene Transfer through Mammal Spermatozoa
Section B: In Vitro Mammal Embryo Manipulation
10: In Vitro Generation of One Cell Embryos in Sheep and Goat
11: In Vitro Generation of Bovine Embryos
12: The Use of Cryopreserved Fertilized Ova to Generate Transgenic Mammals
Section C: Gene Transfer into Bird Embryos
13: The Complete In Vitro Development of Quail Embryo
14: The Microinjection of DNA into Early Chicken Embryo
15: Production of Chimeric Chickens as Intermediates for Gene Transfer
16: The Use of Retroviral Vectors for Gene Transfer into Bird Embryo
17: Transgenic Chickens by Liposome-Sperm-Mediated Gene Transfer
18: Ballistic Transfection of Avian Primordial Germ Cells In Ovo
Section D: Gene Transfer into Fish and Lower Vertebrates
19: Transgenic Salmonids
20: Transferring Foreign Genes into Zebrafish Eggs by Microinjection
21: Gene Injection into Xenopus Embryos
22: The Techniques Using Electroporation to Generate Transgenic Fish
Section E: Gene Transfer into Invertebrates
23: Gene Transfer in Drosophila Melanogaster
24: Genetic Transformation in Caenorhabditis Elegans
25: Gene Transfer Technology in Marine Invertebrates
Section F: The Use of ES Cells for Gene Transfer and Gene Targeting
26: What are ES Cells?
27: Formation of Mouse Chimeric Embryos from ES Cells
28: Bovine Pluripotent Stem Cells for Transgenic Vectors
29: Towards the Use of Primordial Germ Cells for Germline Modification
Section G: The Direct Gene Transfer into Somatic Cells of Animals
30: The Adenovirus Vectors for Gene Delivery
31: The Development of Adeno-Associated Virus as a Vector for In Vivo Gene Therapy
32: Advances Toward Synthetic Retro-Vectoring
33: The Biolistic
Part III: The Fate of Microinjected DNA into Mammal Embryos
Section A: The Integration and Modification of Foreign DNA
34: The Fate of Microinjected Genes in Preimplantation Embryos
35: Chromosomal Insertion of Foreign DNA
36: Detection of Transgenes in the Preimplantation Stage Embryo
37: Genetic Mosaicism in the Generation of Transgenic Mice
38: Transgene Methylation in Transgenic Animals
39: Influence of Genomic Imprinting on Transgene Expression
Section B: The Vectors for Transgenesis
40: The Use of Episomal Vectors for Transgenesis
41: Insulation of Transgenes from Chromosomal Position Effects
42: Transgene Rescue
43: The Use of PI Bacteriophage Clones to Generate Transgenic Animals
44: Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes and Animal Transgenesis
45: The Use of Yeast Artificial Chromosomes for Transgenesis
46: Gene Transfer Using Microdissected Chromosome Fragments
47: Prospects for Directing Temporal and Spatial Gene Expression in Transgenic Animals
48: Mouse Genetic Manipulation via Homologous Recombination
49: Improvements in Transgene Expression by Gene Targeting
50: Nuclear Antisense RNA as a Tool to Inhibit Gene Expression
51: Controlled Genetic Ablation by Immunotoxin-Mediated Cell Targeting
52: Reporter Genes and Detection of Mutational Activity in Mice
Part IV: The Use of Transg Enic Animals
Section A: The Study of Gene Functions
53: Gene Activity in the Preimplantation Mouse Embryo
54: Insertional Mutagenesis in Transgenic Mice
55: Enhancer-Trap Studies of the Drosophila Brain
56: Transgenic Strategies for the Study of Mouse Development: An Overview
57: Gene Transfer in Laboratory Fish: Model Organisms for the Analysis of Gene Function
58: The Preparation of Human Antibodies from Mice Harbouring Human Immunoglobin Loci
Section B: The Generation of Animal Models for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Studies
59: Standardization of Transgenic Lines: from Founder to an Established Animal Model
60: The Use of Mouse Knockouts to Study Tumor Suppressor Genes
61: The Generation of New Immortalized Cell Lines through Transgenesis
62: The Use of Transgenic Mammals for AIDS Studies
63: The Role of Mouse Models in the Development of New Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis
64: Transgenic Animals in Atherosclerosis Research
65: Genetically Engineered Mice in Obesity Research
66: The Generation and Use of Transgenic Animals for Xenotransplantation
Section C: The Preparation of Recombinant Proteins from Transgenic Animals
67: The Preparation of Recombinant Proteins from Mouse and Rabbit Milk for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Studies
68: Production of Complex Human Pharmaceuticals in the Milk of Transgenic Goats Using the Goats Beta Casein Promoter
69: Purification of Recombinant Proteins from Sheep's Milk
Section D: The Modification of Milk Composition
70: The Modification of Milk Protein Composition through Transgenesis: Progress and Problems
Section E: The Protection of Animals Against Diseases
71: The Use of Host-Derived Antiviral Genes
72: The Use of Antisense RNA and Ribozyme Sequences to Prevent Infectious Diseases in Transgenic Animals
73: Antibody Encoding Transgenes – Their Potential Use in Congenital and Intracellular Immunisation of Farm Animals
74: Intracellular Antibodies (Intrabodies): Potential Applications in Transgenic Animal Research and Engineered Resistance to Pathogens
Section F: Towards the Introduction of New Genetic Traits in Domestic Animals by Transgenesis
75: Improved Wool Production from Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Targeted to the Wool Follicle in Transgenic Sheep
76: The Transfer of Isolated Genes Having Known Functions
77: Recent Progress in Mammalian Genomics and its Application for the Selection of Candidate Transgenes in Livestock Species
Part V: The New Problems Generated by Transgenic Animals
78: To Save or Not to Save: The Role of Repositories in a Period of Rapidly Expanding Development of Genetically Engineered Strains of Mice
79: TBASE: The Relationalized Database of Transgenic Animals and Targeted Mutations
80: The Patenting of Transgenic Animals
81: The Biosafety Problems of Transgenic Animals
82: Food Safety Evaluation of Transgenic Animals
83: From a Moral Point of View: Ethical Problems of Animal Transgenesis
Index
