Trace metals are necessary for the proper functioning of living organisms and are absorbed by the body through diet or environmental exposure. However, excessive intake of trace metals can cause health problems. As such, the study of the presence of trace metals in the environment and their effects on health is important. This volume includes four chapters that provide details about trace metals in various contexts. Chapter One explains the nutritional zinc requirements of humans and discusses the usefulness of different supplements in various applications. Chapter Two addresses the different aspects of metal-microbial interactions, focusing on soil and sediment ecosystems. Chapter Three addresses pollution of heavy metals, emission sources, health implications, and commonly used methods for assessment of pollution. Lastly, Chapter Four assesses possible changes in the geochemical behavior of chromium caused by sediment resuspension in a hypereutrophic estuary that receives domestic and industrial effluents daily.
Author(s): Oscar M. Thygesen
Series: Analytical Chemistry and Microchemistry
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 177
City: New York
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1
Zinc Supplementation in Health and Disease
Abstract
Introduction
Nutritional Requirement of Zinc in Humans and Dietary Sources of Zinc
Zinc Absorption
Zinc Supplements
Zinc as a Nutraceutical
Future Perspectives of Zinc as a Nutraceutical
Conclusion
References
Chapter 2
Impacts and Significance of Metal–Microbe Interactions on Soil and Sediment Ecosystems
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Metal Contamination Overview
3. Bioaccumulation and Toxicity
4. Metal–Microbe Interactions
5. Microbes and Metal Tolerance
6. Response of Microbial Communities on Different Metal Contamination
6.1. Special Focus on Soil and Sediments
7. Mechanism of Trace Metals Uptake by Microorganisms
8. Microbial Metal Redox Transformations and Metabolic Availability
9. Genetics of Metal Resistance or Eco Genomics of Microbes
10. Genetic Engineering in Metal–Microbe Interaction
11. Impact of Metal–Microbe Interaction on Ecosystem: Both Positive and Negative
Conclusion
References
Chapter 3
Heavy Metal Pollution and Public Health: A Review of Heavy Metal Pollution, Health Implications, and Methods Potentially Used for Pollution Assessment
Abstract
Introduction
Heavy Metal Pollution and Public Health
Method
Results and Discussion
Heavy Metals of Major Public Health Concern
Properties of Heavy Metals
Emission of Heavy Metal Contamination on the Environment
Natural Emission
Anthropogenic Emission
Environmental Pollution from Heavy Metals
Air Pollution by Heavy Metal
Soil Pollution by Heavy Metals
Water Pollution by Heavy Metal
Potential Exposure Pathways
Toxicity and Health Issues from Heavy Metal Pollution of Major Public Concern
Cadmium
Mercury
Lead
Chromium
Zinc
Arsenic
Heavy Metal Pollution Assessment Methods
Geo-Accumulation Index (Igeo)
Contamination Factor (CF)
Pollution Load Index (PLI)
Enrichment Factor (EF)
Ecological Risk Factor (Eri)
Multi-Element Contamination (MEC)
Specific Pollution Index (SPI) and Generic Diatom Index (GDI)
Health Risk Assessment Method
Non-Cancer Risk Assessment
Cancer Risk Assessment
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4
Changes in Chromium Bioavailability on Resuspension of Contaminated Sediments from a Tropical Estuary
Abstract
Introduction
Material and Methods
Study Area and Sampling
Resuspension Experiment
Metals Determinations
Sediment Characterization
Bioavailability Changes (BC)
Data Analysis
Results
Profiles Characterization
Resuspension Experiment
Discussion
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Biographical Sketch
Bibliography
Index
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