Toxicological profiles - Synthetic Vitreous Fibers

DRAFT TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR SYNTHETIC VITREOUS FIBERS......Page 1
DISCLAIMER......Page 2
UPDATE STATEMENT......Page 3
FOREWORD......Page 4
QUICK REFERENCE FOR HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS......Page 6
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 8
PEER REVIEW......Page 9
CONTENTS......Page 10
LIST OF FIGURES......Page 14
LIST OF TABLES......Page 15
1.1 WHAT ARE SYNTHETIC VITREOUS FIBERS?......Page 16
1.2 WHAT HAPPENS TO SYNTHETIC VITREOUS FIBERS WHEN THEY ENTER THE ENVIRONMENT?......Page 17
1.3 HOW MIGHT I BE EXPOSED TO SYNTHETIC VITREOUS FIBERS?......Page 18
1.4 HOW CAN SYNTHETIC VITREOUS FIBERS ENTER AND LEAVE MY BODY?......Page 19
1.5 HOW CAN SYNTHETIC VITREOUS FIBERS AFFECT MY HEALTH?......Page 20
1.6 HOW CAN SYNTHETIC VITREOUS FIBERS AFFECT CHILDREN?......Page 23
1.7 HOW CAN FAMILIES REDUCE THE RISK OF EXPOSURE TO SYNTHETIC VITREOUS FIBERS?......Page 24
1.9 WHAT RECOMMENDATIONS HAS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT MADE TO PROTECT HUMAN HEALTH?......Page 25
1.10 WHERE CAN I GET MORE INFORMATION?......Page 26
2.1 BACKGROUND AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES TO SYNTHETIC VITREOUS FIBERS IN THE UNITED STATES......Page 28
2.2 SUMMARY OF HEALTH EFFECTS......Page 30
2.3 MINIMAL RISK LEVELS......Page 35
3.2 DISCUSSION OF HEALTH EFFECTS BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE......Page 39
3.2.1.2 Systemic Effects......Page 41
3.2.1.7 Cancer......Page 90
3.2.3.1 Death......Page 100
3.2.3.2 Systemic Effects......Page 101
3.2.4 Other Routes of Exposure......Page 102
3.3 GENOTOXICITY......Page 103
3.4.1.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 104
3.4.2.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 107
3.4.2.4 Other Routes of Exposure......Page 113
3.4.3.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 114
3.4.4.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 115
3.4.5 Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK)/Pharmacodynamic (PD) Models......Page 116
3.5.1 Pharmacokinetic Mechanisms......Page 121
3.5.2 Mechanisms of Toxicity......Page 124
3.5.3 Animal-to-Human Extrapolations......Page 125
3.6 TOXICITIES MEDIATED THROUGH THE NEUROENDOCRINE AXIS......Page 127
3.7 CHILDREN’S SUSCEPTIBILITY......Page 128
3.8 BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND EFFECT......Page 130
3.8.1 Biomarkers Used to Identify or Quantify Exposure to Synthetic Vitreous Fibers......Page 131
3.8.2 Biomarkers Used to Characterize Effects Caused by Synthetic Vitreous Fibers......Page 132
3.9 INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER CHEMICALS......Page 133
3.10 POPULATIONS THAT ARE UNUSUALLY SUSCEPTIBLE......Page 134
3.11 METHODS FOR REDUCING TOXIC EFFECTS......Page 135
3.12 ADEQUACY OF THE DATABASE......Page 136
3.12.1 Existing Information on Health Effects of Synthetic Vitreous Fibers......Page 137
3.12.2 Identification of Data Needs......Page 139
3.12.3 Ongoing Studies......Page 151
4.1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY......Page 152
4.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 155
5.1 PRODUCTION......Page 160
5.3 USE......Page 165
5.4 DISPOSAL......Page 167
6.1 OVERVIEW......Page 168
6.2.1Air......Page 171
6.3.2.1 Air......Page 172
6.4.1 Air......Page 173
6.4.2 Water......Page 175
6.5 GENERAL POPULATION AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE......Page 178
6.6 EXPOSURES OF CHILDREN......Page 185
6.7 POPULATIONS WITH POTENTIALLY HIGH EXPOSURES......Page 186
6.8.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 187
6.8.2 Ongoing Studies......Page 190
7. ANALYTICAL METHODS......Page 191
7.1 BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS......Page 193
7.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES......Page 194
7.3.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 197
7.3.2 Ongoing Studies......Page 199
8. REGULATIONS AND ADVISORIES......Page 200
9. REFERENCES......Page 204
Benchmark Dose (BMD)......Page 249
Developmental Toxicity......Page 250
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH)......Page 251
Mesothelioma......Page 252
Pesticide......Page 253
q1*......Page 254
Respirable Fibers or Particles......Page 255
Toxic Dose(50) (TD50)......Page 256
Xenobiotic......Page 257
ATSDR MINIMAL RISK LEVEL AND WORKSHEETS......Page 258
Figure A-1......Page 266
Figure A-2......Page 267
Table A-1......Page 261
Table A-2......Page 263
Table A-3......Page 265
MINIMAL RISK LEVEL WORKSHEET......Page 260
USER'S GUIDE......Page 270
ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS......Page 277