Toxicological profiles - Methylenedianiline

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR METHYLENEDIANILINE......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 10
DISCLAIMER......Page 2
UPDATE STATEMENT......Page 3
FOREWORD......Page 4
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 6
PEER REVIEW......Page 8
LIST OF FIGURES......Page 14
LIST OF TABLES......Page 16
1.1 WHAT IS METHYLENEDIANILINE?......Page 18
1.2 WHAT HAPPENS TO METHYLENEDIANILINE WHEN IT ENTERS THE......Page 19
1.3 HOW MIGHT I BE EXPOSED TO METHYLENEDIANILINE?......Page 20
1.5 HOW CAN METHYLENEDIANILINE AFFECT MY HEALTH?......Page 21
1.7 WHAT RECOMMENDATIONS HAS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT MADE TO......Page 23
1.8 WHERE CAN I GET MORE INFORMATION?......Page 24
2.2 DISCUSSION OF HEALTH EFFECTS BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE......Page 26
2.2.1.2 Systemic Effects......Page 28
2.2.1.7 Genotoxic Effects......Page 32
2.2.2.1 Death......Page 33
2.2.2.2 Systemic Effects......Page 34
2.2.2.3 Immunological and Lymphoreticular Effects......Page 54
2.2.2.5 Reproductive Effects......Page 55
2.2.2.7 Genotoxic Effects......Page 56
2.2.2.8 Cancer......Page 57
2.2.3.1 Death......Page 59
2.2.3.2 Systemic Effects......Page 60
2.2.3.4 Neurological Effects......Page 66
2.2.3.8 Cancer......Page 67
2.3 TOXICOKINETICS......Page 69
2.3.1.2 Oral Exposure......Page 70
2.3.1.3 Dermal Exposure......Page 71
2.3.2.2 Oral Exposure......Page 73
2.3.2.3 Dermal Exposure......Page 74
2.3.3 Metabolism......Page 75
2.3.4.2 Oral Exposure......Page 76
2.3.4.3 Dermal Exposure......Page 78
2.3.4.4 Other Routes of Exposure......Page 79
2.3.5 Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK)/Pharmacodynamic (PD) Models......Page 80
2.4 MECHANISMS OF ACTION......Page 81
2.4.1 Pharmacokinetic Mechanisms......Page 83
2.4.2 Mechanisms of Toxicity......Page 84
2.5 RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 85
2.6 BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND EFFECT......Page 98
2.6.1 Biomarkers Used to Identify or Quantify Exposure to 4,4N Methylenedianiline......Page 99
2.7 INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER CHEMICALS......Page 101
2.9 METHODS FOR REDUCING TOXIC EFFECTS......Page 102
2.9.3 Interfering with the Mechanism of Action for Toxic Effects......Page 103
2.10.1 Existing Information on Health Effects of 4,4N Methylenedianiline......Page 104
2.10.2 Identification of Data Needs......Page 106
2.10.3 Ongoing Studies......Page 114
3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 115
4.1 PRODUCTION......Page 119
4.4 DISPOSAL......Page 122
5.1 OVERVIEW......Page 123
5.2.1 Air......Page 124
5.2.3 Soil......Page 127
5.3.1 Transport and Partitioning......Page 128
5.3.2.2 Water......Page 130
5.3.2.3 Sediment and Soil......Page 131
5.5 GENERAL POPULATION AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE......Page 132
5.7 ADEQUACY OF THE DATABASE......Page 136
5.7.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 137
5.7.2 Ongoing Studies......Page 140
6.1 BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES......Page 141
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES......Page 144
6.3 ADEQUACY OF THE DATABASE......Page 147
6.3.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 148
6.3.2 Ongoing Studies......Page 149
7. REGULATIONS AND ADVISORIES......Page 151
8. REFERENCES......Page 157
Intermediate Exposure......Page 170
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)......Page 171
Toxic Dose (TD50)......Page 172
Uncertainty Factor (UF)—......Page 173
ATSDR MINIMAL RISK LEVEL......Page 174
MINIMAL RISK LEVEL WORKSHEET......Page 176
USER'S GUIDE......Page 180
ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS......Page 188