Toxicological profiles - 4,4'-methylenebis-(2-chloroaniline) (mboca)

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR 4,4'-METHYLENEBIS-(2-CHLOROANILINE) (MBOCA)......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 8
DISCLAIMER......Page 2
UPDATE STATEMENT......Page 3
FOREWORD......Page 4
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 6
PEER REVIEW......Page 7
LIST OF FIGURES......Page 11
LIST OF TABLES......Page 12
1.2 WHAT HAPPENS TO MBOCA WHEN IT ENTERS THE ENVIRONMENT?......Page 13
1.6 IS THERE A MEDICAL TEST TO DETERMINE WHETHER I HAVE BEEN EXPOSED TO MBOCA?......Page 14
1.8 WHERE CAN I GET MORE INFORMATION?......Page 15
2.2 DISCUSSION OF HEALTH EFFECTS BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE......Page 16
2.2.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 17
2.2.1.2 Systemic Effects......Page 18
2.2.1.8 Cancer......Page 19
2.2.2.1 Death......Page 20
2.2.2.2 Systemic Effects......Page 21
2.2.2.4 Neurological Effects......Page 22
2.2.2.7 Genotoxic Effects......Page 23
2.2.2.8 Cancer......Page 24
2.2.3.2 Systemic Effect......Page 34
2.2.3.8 Cancer......Page 36
2.3 TOXICOKINETICS......Page 37
2.3.1.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 39
2.3.1.3 Dermal Exposure......Page 40
2.3.2.2 Oral Exposure......Page 41
2.3.3.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 42
2.3.3.2 Oral Exposure......Page 43
2.3.3.3 Dermal Exposure......Page 44
2.3.4.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 45
2.3.4.2 Oral Exposure......Page 46
2.3.4.3 Dermal Exposure......Page 47
2.3.4.4 Other Routes of Exposure......Page 48
2.3.5 Mechanisms of Action......Page 49
2.4 RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 50
2.5 BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND EFFECT......Page 64
2.5.2 Biomarkers Used to Characterize Effects Caused by MBOCA......Page 65
2.7 POPULATIONS THAT ARE UNUSUALLY SUSCEPTIBLE......Page 66
2.8 METHODS FOR REDUCING TOXIC EFFECTS......Page 67
2.8.2 Reducing Body Burden......Page 68
2.9 ADEQUACY OF THE DATABASE......Page 69
2.9.1 Existing Information on Health Effects of MBOCA......Page 70
2.9.2 Identification of Data Needs......Page 71
2.9.3 Ongoing Studies......Page 75
3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 76
4.2 IMPORT/ EXPORT......Page 81
4.3 USE......Page 82
5.1 OVERVIEW......Page 85
5.2.3 Soil......Page 86
5.3.2.2 Water......Page 91
5.4.1 Air......Page 92
5.4.2 Water......Page 93
5.5 GENERAL POPULATION AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE......Page 95
5.6 POPULATIONS WITH POTENTIALLY HIGH EXPOSURES......Page 96
5.7.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 97
6.1 BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS......Page 99
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES......Page 107
6.3.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 112
7. REGULATIONS AND ADVISORIES......Page 113
8. REFERENCES......Page 120
EPA Health Advisory......Page 139
Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient......Page 140
Uncertainty Factor......Page 141
User s Guide......Page 142
Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols......Page 148