Toxicological profiles - 1,2-dichloroethene

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR 1,2-DICHLOROETHENE......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 8
DISCLAIMER......Page 2
UPDATE STATEMENT......Page 3
FOREWORD......Page 4
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 6
PEER REVIEW......Page 7
LIST OF FIGURES......Page 11
LIST OF TABLES......Page 12
1.1 WHAT IS 1,2-DICHLOROETHENE?......Page 13
1.3 HOW MIGHT I BE EXPOSED TO 1,2-DICHLOROETHENE?......Page 14
1.5 HOW CAN 1,2-DICHLOROETHENE AFFECT MY HEALTH?......Page 15
1.7 WHAT RECOMMENDATIONS HAS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT MADE TO PROTECT HUMAN HEALTH?......Page 16
1.8 WHERE CAN I GET MORE INFORMATION?......Page 17
2.2 DISCUSSION OF HEALTH EFFECTS BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE......Page 18
2.2.1.2 Systemic Effects......Page 20
2.2.1.3 Immunological and Lymphoreticular Effects......Page 28
2.2.1.5 Reproductive Effects......Page 29
2.2.2.1 Death......Page 30
2.2.2.2 Systemic Effects......Page 40
2.2.2.3 Immunological and Lymphoreticular Effects......Page 45
2.2.2.4 Neurological Effects......Page 46
2.2.3.1 Death......Page 47
2.2.3.2 Systemic Effects......Page 48
2.3.1.1 Inhalation Exposure......Page 51
2.3.3 Metabolism......Page 52
2.4 MECHANISMS OF ACTION......Page 55
2.5 RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 56
2.6 BIOMARKERS OF EXPOSURE AND EFFECT......Page 63
2.6.1 Biomarkers Used to Identify or Quantify Exposure to 1,2-Dichloroethene......Page 67
2.6.2 Biomarkers Used to Characterize Effects Caused by 1,2-Dichloroethene......Page 68
2.8 POPULATIONS THAT ARE UNUSUALLY SUSCEPTIBLE......Page 69
2.9.1 Reducing Peak Absorption Following Exposure......Page 70
2.9.3 Interfering with the Mechanism of Action for Toxic Effects......Page 71
2.10.1 Existing Information on Health Effects of 1,2-Dichloroethene......Page 72
2.10.2 Identification of Data Needs......Page 75
2.10.3 Ongoing Studies......Page 83
3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 84
4.2 IMPORT/EXPORT......Page 88
4.4 DISPOSAL......Page 90
5.1 OVERVIEW......Page 92
5.2.1 Air......Page 93
5.2.2 Water......Page 98
5.2.3 Soil......Page 100
5.3.1 Transport and Partitioning......Page 101
5.3.2.1 Air......Page 102
5.3.2.2 Water......Page 103
5.4.1 Air......Page 106
5.4.2 Water......Page 110
5.4.3 Sediment and Soil......Page 118
5.4.4 Other Environmental Media......Page 119
5.5 GENERAL POPULATION AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE......Page 120
5.7.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 121
5.7.2 Ongoing Studies......Page 125
6.1 BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES......Page 126
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES......Page 128
6.3 ADEQUACY OF THE DATABASE......Page 132
6.3.1 Identification of Data Needs......Page 133
6.3.2 Ongoing Studies......Page 134
7. REGULATIONS AND ADVISORIES......Page 135
8. REFERENCES......Page 144
Intermediate Exposure......Page 165
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)......Page 166
Uncertainty Factor (UF)......Page 167
ATSDR MINIMAL RISK LEVEL......Page 168
MINIMAL RISK LEVEL (MRL) WORKSHEET......Page 170
USER S GUIDE......Page 180
ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS......Page 187