Towards Net Zero Carbon Emissions in the Building Industry

Preface
Contents
The Proper Geometrical Parameters of Urban Street Profile to Enhance Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Highland Zone of Algeria
Introduction
The Highland Zone of Algeria
Constantine Climate
Parametric Modelling of Urban Street Canyon
Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Urban Street Model of Prospect Urban Rule
Fictious Fabric Simulation
The Effect of Obstruction Angle and Orientation on Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Urban Street Canyon
Parametric Solar Envelope Application
Generating Parametric Solar Envelope
The Effect of Filtering Process of Sun Hours on Solar Volume Coefficient
The Effect of Orientation on Solar Envelope’s Height
The Effect of Sun Vectors Filtering Process on the UTCI
Conclusion
Appendices
Appendix 1 (Fig. 16)
Appendix 2
Appendix 3
References
Thermal Behavior of Exterior Coating Texture and Its Effect on Building Thermal Performance
Introduction
How Exterior Cladding Texture Can Improve the Thermal Performance of Buildings in Hot and Arid Climate
Theoretical Analysis
Modeling Approach
Experimental Procedure
Texture Effects
Effect of Texture Geometry
Effect of Texture Particles
Conclusions
Texture Depth
Organizing and Assembling the Texture
Texture Thickness
Texture Components
Things to Think About
Appendix
References
Beyond Energy Efficiency: The Emerging Era of Smart Bioenergy
The Power of Metabolism
The Frankenstein Fallacy
The Long Latency of the Bioelectrical Revolution
How We Will Incorporate Nature into Our Homes and Cities
Introducing an Emerging Platform: Microbial Technology
Historical Relationship with Technology Frames Our Future Trajectories
The “Living” Home: Our Households Become a Circular Economy
Active Living Infrastructure: Controlled Environment (ALICE)
The “Power Plant”: Activating the Commons
Microbial Sentinels: Keeping Us Safe
Natural Bioremediation in Urban Spaces: Revitalising Brownfield Sites
Towards the Off-Grid City: Empowered and Mobile Communities
Conclusion
References
Brains for Buildings to Achieve Net Zero
Combined Brains for Building Design: Integral Design
Design Methodology
Experiments
Results Design Approach
Artificial Brains for Building Operation: Data Analytics and Machine Learning
Fault Detection and Diagnosis
Automated Fault Detection by Diagnostic Bayesian Networks 4S3F Method
Pareto-Lean Analyses
Towards Machine Learning
Discussion
Conclusions
References
Using Building Integrated Photovoltaic Thermal (BIPV/T) Systems to Achieve Net Zero Goal: Current Trends and Future Perspectives
Introduction
BIPV/T Systems: How They Work
Mathematical Modeling
Glass
Top EVA
Silicon
Bottom EVA
Tedlar
The Air Stream Between BIPV/T System and Wall of Building
Free Convection
Forced Convection
The Electrical Model
Coupling the Two Models
Achieving the Net Zero Goal Using BIPV/T Systems
Conclusion
References
Simulated Versus Monitored Building Behaviours: Sample Demo Applications of a Perfomance Gap Detection Tool in a Northern Italian Climate
Introduction
Chapter Objectives and Contents
Methodology and PREDYCE
PREDYCE Introduction and Use Scenarios
PREDYCE Model Verification Scenario
PREDYCE Performance Gap Scenario
Demo Building Applications and Results
Demo Buildings General Description
Application of the Model Verification PREDYCE Scenario
Application of the PREDYCE Performance Gap Scenario
Standard and Standard Modified Scenarios
Performance Gap Results
Conclusions
References
Dynamic Simulations of High-Energy Performance Buildings: The Role of Climatic Data and the Consideration of Climate Change
Introduction
Typical Weather Years as an Input Parameter for BEPS
The “Typical Meteorological Year” Technique
The “Test Reference Year” Technique
The “Weather Year for Energy Calculation” Technique
The “Example Weather Year” Technique
Stochastic Generation of Synthetic Weather Years for Building Energy Simulation
The Use of Typical Weather Years on Dynamic BEPS
Urban Microclimate Data as an Input Parameter for BEPS Simulation
Evaluation of the Role of Urban Microclimate on Buildings Energy Performance, Using Urban and Rural Climatic Data
Evaluating the Effect of the Urban Microclimate on Buildings’ Energy Performance, Using Numerical Methods
Climate Change and Generation of Future Weather Datasets for Dynamic Building Energy Performance Simulations
Synopsis and Conclusions
References
Green Urbanism with Genuine Green Architecture: Toward Net Zero System in New York
Introduction
Looking Back for the Idea of Green Settlements
Green Urbanism and the Need for “Genuine” Green Architecture in Contemporary Developments
Towards Net Zero Buildings: The Seventy-Six, New York
Urban Context
Equity
Adaptability
Permaculture
Recycling
Waste and Storm Water
Energy Use
Conclusions
References
External Solar Shading Design for Low-Energy Buildings in Humid Temperate Climates
Introduction
Climatic Region
Shading Device Variables
Building Description
Simulation Tool
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
Bibliography
What It Takes to Go Net Zero: Why Aren’t We There Yet?
Introduction: Net Zero in the Building Industry: Why Aren’t We There Yet?
The Global Challenge: Climate Change and Future Climates
The Technical Challenge: Net Zero in the Building Industry
The Social Challenge: Net Zero Perception and Commitment
The Future Challenge: From the Building Itself to a Low-Carbon Community – Energy-Positive Buildings
Discussion: Our Role in the Transition to Net Zero: We Must Be There as Soon as Possible
References
The Integrated Design Studio as a Means to Achieve Zero Net Energy Buildings
Introduction
Background
The Global Energy Problem
Low Carbon Strategies
Passive and Low-Energy Cooling Systems
HVAC Equipment
Lighting and Daylighting
Teaching the IDS
IDS Challenges
Teaching Philosophy
Teaching Objectives
How Objectives Are Achieved
Teaching Methodologies
Building Systems and Integration
MultiComfort House Student Contest 2018
Aim
Project Site in the Cultural Village
Task
The Students’ Project
Project Brief/Design Goals
Integrated Design Paradigm/Design Process
Architectural Design Concept
Improving Building’s Energy Performance
Renewable Energy Using PV System
Conclusion
Appendices
Appendix A: Slides of the Final Design
Appendix B: Celebration Photos
References
Indicators Toward Zero-Energy Houses for the Mediterranean Region
Introduction
Methodology
The Average Residential Dwellings
Energy Profile
Heat Losses
Energy Need
Energy Refurbishment Scenarios
Refurbishment Indicators of the Building Envelope
Future Projection of the Energy Renovations towards Toward Zero-Energy Dwellings
Conclusions
References
Toward NZEB in Public Buildings: Integrated Energy Management Systems of Thermal and Power Networks
Introduction
Literature Review
Microgrids
Microgrid Energy Management Systems
Control Structure
Control Strategies
Bioclimatic Building Design
Case Study
Thermal and Power Microgrid Integration
Model Integration
Results
Summer
Winter
Modifications to the Case Study
Summer
Winter
Energy Management System
Control Strategy 1
Case Study – Summer
Case Study – Winter
Modified Case Study – Summer
Modified Case Study – Winter
Control Strategy 2
Modified Case Study – Summer
Modified Case Study – Winter
Discussion
Appendix
References
The Missing Link in Architectural Pedagogy: Net Zero Energy Building (NZEB)
Introduction
Passive Design Strategies
Sustainable Landscape
Conceptual Architectural Design
Sustainable Materials
Active Design Strategies
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
References
Environmental Dimensions of Climate Change: Endurance and Change in Material Culture
Background
Definitions
Design Decisions Based on Embodied Versus Operational Carbon
The Profound Impact of the Envelope Is Anything But Skin-Deep
Case Study: 888 Boylston Street
Introduction
Sustainable Features
Envelope
Operational Versus Embodied Energy
Conclusion
Case Study: CLT Passivhaus
Introduction
Sustainable Features
Envelope
Operational Versus Embodied Energy
Conclusion
Case Study: Golisano Institute for Sustainability
Introduction
Sustainable Features
Envelope
Operational Versus Embodied Energy
Conclusion
Case Study: Orlando McDonald’s Flagship
Introduction
Sustainable Features
Envelope
Operational Versus Embodied Energy
Conclusion
Case Study: McDonald’s Flagship, Chicago
Introduction
Sustainable Features
Envelope
Operational Versus Embodied Energy
Conclusion
Port of Portland Headquarters Building
Introduction
Sustainable Features
Envelope
Operational Versus Embodied Energy
Conclusion
References
Environmental Dimensions of Climate Change: Endurance and Change in Material Culture
Case Study: 888 Boylston Street
Case Study: CLT Passivhaus
Case Study: Golisano Institute for Sustainability
Case Study: Orlando McDonald’s Flagship
Case Study: McDonald’s Flagship, Chicago
Case Study: Port of Portland Headquarters Building
Towards Climate Neutrality: Global Perspective and Actions for Net-Zero Buildings to Achieve Climate Change Mitigation and the SDGs
Introduction
Why Net-Zero?
What Is a Net-Zero City?
What Is Climate Neutrality?
The Importance of Net-Zero Cities
Recent Exemplary Model of Net-Zero Buildings, 2021 to 2022
BEEAH Headquarters in Sharjah UAE by Zaha Hadid Architects
The Terra – The Sustainability Pavilion EXPO 2020 Dubai
UAE Pavilion EXPO 2020 Dubai
Global Examples of Net-Zero-Energy Buildings
Dalian Convention Centre in Dalian, China
National University of Singapore, Singapore
The CIC Zero Carbon Building in Hong Kong, China
National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) Building in Incheon, South Korea
Incheon International Airport Transportation Center in Incheon, South Korea
Incheon National University Campus in Songdo – Incheon, South Korea
United Nations’ Headquarters in G-Tower, Incheon, South Korea
The Lumen Building at Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
The Edge Smart and Net-Zero Office Building in Amsterdam – The Netherlands
GlaxoSmithKline Carbon-Neutral Building, Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK
DeepStone House in Scotland, United Kingdom
The Solar Settlement and Sun Ship in Schlierberg, Germany
Prototype of a Plus-Energy House, Frankfurt, Germany
Kunsthaus Bregenz Art Museum in Bregenz – Vorarlberg, Austria
A Holiday Home in Rural Spain
The Unisphere, Maryland, USA
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Colorado, USA
La Jolla Commons, San Diego, California
Net-Zero Heating Building’s Concept
The American Geophysical Union Headquarters in Florida, USA
The Zero-Heating Samling Library in Nord Odal, Norway
The Near-Zero-Heating Office Building in Rakvere, Estonia
The Net-Zero-Heating Office Building in The Netherlands
How Net-Zero Buildings Contribute to the Net-Zero Target and Climate Neutrality?
Current Policies, Actions, and Initiatives Worldwide
Current Policies, Activities, and Initiatives in Egypt Towards Net-Zero-Energy Buildings
Low-Carbon Cities and Zero-Carbon Emission Transportation in Egypt
Role of Zero-Carbon and Managing “Transition” in Cities and Regions
Can Cities Meet COP26 Outcomes and the Glasgow Climate Pact 2021?
Glasgow Climate Pact 2021 and Net-Zero?
Conclusion
References
Index