Tourism Entrepreneurship in Portugal and Spain: Competitive Landscapes and Innovative Business Models

Acknowledgements
Contents
List of Contributors
The Role of Tourism Entrepreneurship in the Iberian Peninsula
References
Tourism Services Innovation Ecosystem: A Multicriteria Model Approach Based on Portuguese Higher Education
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Methodology
3.1 Multicriteria Decision Modeling
3.2 Electre Tri Me
4 Results
4.1 Setting the Situation in Which the Modeling Was Applied
4.2 Collecting Evaluations from the Sample
4.3 Running Electre Tri Me
5 Discussion and Conclusion
6 Implications
7 Limitations and Future Research
References
Tourist Experience in Rural Areas in Portugal: The Case of the ``Quadriltero Do Minho´´
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
2.1 Rural Tourism
2.2 Multidimensionality in the Perception of the Rural Tourism Experience
3 Methodology
4 Results
5 Characterisation of the Experience in Rural Tourism
6 Most Valued Characteristics in Rural Tourism
7 Satisfaction, Recommendation and Likelihood of Revisiting Rural Tourism
8 Diversification of Supply in Tourism
9 Conclusions
References
Spirituality and Mindful Tourism: Experiencing Innovative Hispanic Cases
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
2.1 Spirituality
2.2 Mindful Tourism
3 Spanish Cases: Reporting Self-Experiences
4 Future Action Agenda and Project Suggestions
5 Concluding Remarks
References
Considerations About the Economic Sustainability of Historic Housing Tourism
1 Introduction
2 Tourism and Sustainability in Times of Uncertainty
3 Heritage and Tourism
3.1 Historic Housing Tourism
4 Methods
5 Results
5.1 Raising the Economic Sustainability of HHT
5.2 Reducing the Economic Sustainability of the HHT
6 Discussion and Concluding Remarks
References
Cooperation as a Basic Strategy for New Dynamics of a Cross-Border Destination: The Case of the Euroregion Galicia and Norther...
1 Introduction
1.1 Cross-Border Cooperation as a Strategy for the Dynamization of Territories
1.2 Brief Analysis of the Euroregion Galicia and North of Portugal´s Potential
2 Methodology
3 Discussion of Results
4 Conclusions, Limitations, and Future Lines of Research
References
The Presence of Rural Accommodation in Extremadura on Facebook: An Approach to Its Intensity of Use Through a Grouping Analysis
1 Introduction
2 Facebook as a Tool for Marketing and Promotion
3 Social Media and Tourism
4 Materials and Method
4.1 The Case Study
4.2 Data
4.3 Methodology
4.4 Analysis Techniques
5 Results
5.1 Cluster Analysis Without Spatial Restriction
5.2 Spatially Constrained Cluster Analysis Using K Nearest Neighbours (K = 8)
6 Discussion
7 Conclusions
References
Place-Linked Products and Creative Tourism in Iberian Regions
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
2.1 ICT and Promotion of Territories with Agri-Food Products
2.2 Creativity and Creative Tourism in Rural Areas
2.3 Linking Local Agri-Food Products and Creative Tourist Activities
2.4 Central Research Question, Proposition and Conceptual Model
3 Methododogy
3.1 Sample
3.2 Data Collection Method
4 Results
4.1 Place-Linked Agri-Food Products on Websites and Facebook Pages
4.2 Innovative Creative Tourism Initiatives Based on Place-Linked Agri-Food Products
5 Conclusion
References
The Rise of Half-Tourists and their Impact on the Tourism Strategies of Peripheral Territories
1 COVID-19, Tourism and Peripheral Territories
2 Remote Work, Digital Nomadism and the Half-Tourists
3 Methodology
3.1 Case 1: Digital Nomads Madeira
3.2 Case 2: Nomad City Gran Canaria
4 Findings and Discussion
4.1 Motivation and Goals
4.2 Main Challenges
4.3 Governance and Stakeholders
4.4 The Half-Tourists and the Community
4.5 Social and Economic Impact
5 Conclusions
References
Determinants of Profitability in the Tourism Sector in Portugal
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review and Hypotheses
2.1 Internal Characteristics of the Company
2.1.1 Size
2.1.2 Age
2.1.3 Firm Growth
2.1.4 Debt
2.2 External Constraints to the Company
2.2.1 Economic Growth
2.2.2 Sovereign Debt Crisis (2011-2014)
2.2.3 Location
3 Methodology
3.1 Sample
3.2 Variables
3.3 Estimation Method
4 Empirical Results and Discussion
4.1 Base Model
4.2 Sovereign Debt Crisis and Location
5 Conclusion
Appendices
References
Good Practices Within the European Project Smart Rural
1 Introduction
2 Theoretical Framework
3 Smart Rural European Project: Content and Objectives
4 Good Practices in the Framework of the Smart Rural Project
4.1 Why a Manual of Good Practices? What for?
4.2 Methodological Design of the Guide
5 Conclusions
References
Tourism Events: Bringing Innovation to the North of Portugal
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
2.1 Types of Events
2.2 Events in Tourism
2.3 Impacts of Events
2.3.1 Economic Impact
2.3.2 Environmental Impact
2.3.3 Personal, Social, Cultural, and Political Impact
3 Methodology
3.1 Study Design
3.2 Instrument
3.3 Participants
3.4 Procedure and Data Analysis
4 Results
5 Final Considerations
References
Entrepreneurship Education in Portuguese Tourism: Fostering Ideation, Innovation and Initiative
1 Introduction
2 The Portuguese Case
3 Case Study: Tourism Creative Factory
4 Outcomes
5 Final Remarks
References
Factors Affecting Portuguese and Spanish Hotel Guests´ Safety Perception Under COVID-19: Insights for the Development of Perso...
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Methods
4 Results
4.1 Sample Characterization
4.2 Priorities for Hotel Choice
4.3 Analysis of Importance and Differences in Critical Factors
4.4 Analysis of the Moderating Impact of Demographic Characteristics
5 Conclusions
6 Limitations and Future Research
References