Tissue Repair, Contraction and the Myofibroblast summarizes the latest findings concerning the biology of the myofibroblast, a cell involved in the evolution and contraction of granulation tissue and of fibrotic changes. Coverage shows that the myofibroblast is responsible for the development of hypertrophic scars, pulmonary and renal fibrosis and bronchial asthma. Reviews the cell biology and pathology of the myofibroblast as well as mechanisms of fibrosis evolution in many organs and tissues.
Author(s): Christine Chaponnier, Alexis Desmoulière, Giulio Gabbiani
Edition: 1
Year: 2006
Language: English
Pages: 153
CONTENTS......Page 4
Preface......Page 12
Acknowledgements......Page 13
Introduction—The Evolution of the Concept of Myofibroblast: Implications for Normal and Pathological Tissue Remodeling......Page 14
Role of α-SM Actin in Tension Generation......Page 15
1. Cytomechanics in Connective Tissue Repair and Engineering......Page 20
Stress-Shielding of Resident Cells against Applied Forces......Page 21
The Central Problem of Scarring Is Collagen Matrix Contracture......Page 23
Growth Repair and Contracture of the ECM: What Do They Involve?......Page 24
What Then Are the Real Functions of Fibroblast Force Generation?......Page 29
Cell-Molecular Responses to Cytomechanical Cues......Page 30
Contraction and Contracture for Collagen Remodelling (Shortening)......Page 33
Scleroderma Lung Fibrosis and Myofibroblasts......Page 38
TGF-β, Thrombin and CTGF in SSc Lung Fibrosis......Page 39
Contractile Activity of CTGF......Page 40
3. Functional Assessment of Fibroblast Heterogeneity by the Cell-Surface Glycoprotein Thy-1......Page 45
Immunological and Inflammatory Characteristics of Thy-1 Fibroblast Subsets......Page 46
Fibrogenic and Proliferative Characteristics of Thy-1[sup(+)] and Thy-1[sup(-)] Subsets......Page 48
4. Tissue Repair in Asthma: The Origin of Airway Subepithelial Fibroblasts and Myofibroblasts......Page 53
Phenotypic Characteristics and Bone Marrow Origin of Tissue Fibrocytes......Page 54
Identification of Circulating Fibrocytes as Precursors of Bronchial Myofibroblasts in Asthma......Page 55
Mechanisms Potentially Involved in the Recruitment of Fibrocytes into the Airways in Asthma......Page 56
COL4A3-Deficient Mice......Page 60
Nephrotoxic Serum Nephritis......Page 61
Which Is the Best Model to Use?......Page 62
Histopathology and Morphometric Analysis......Page 63
6. Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition of Mesothelial Cells as a Mechanism Responsible for Peritoneal Membrane Failure in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients......Page 66
Peritoneal Fibrosis......Page 67
Role of TGF-β in the Pathogenesis of Peritoneal Fibrosis......Page 69
Implication of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of MC in Peritoneal Fibrosis......Page 71
Role of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of MC in Neovascularization and Peritoneal Transport Disorders......Page 72
Therapeutic Intervention on EMT......Page 75
7. FIZZy Alveolar Epithelial Cells Induce Myofibroblast Differentiation......Page 81
FIZZ1 Expression......Page 82
Effects of FIZZ1 on Fibroblasts and Myofibroblast Differentiation......Page 83
FIZZ1 in Pulmonary Fibrosis......Page 84
Host Cells Participate at Cancer Cell Invasion......Page 87
Myofibroblasts Stimulate Invasion......Page 88
Cancer Cell-Derived TGF-β Converts Fibroblasts into Myofibroblasts......Page 90
Myofibroblasts Are Pro-Invasive through the Combined Action of Tenascin C (Tn-C) and Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor (HGF/SF)......Page 92
The Pro-Invasive Switch in the Cross-Signaling Pathway......Page 95
9. Proangiogenic Implications of Hepatic Stellate Cell Transdifferentiation into Myofibroblasts Induced by Tumor Microenvironment......Page 101
Cancer Microenvironment and Tumor-Activated Myofibroblasts......Page 102
Hepatic Stellate Cell Transdifferentiation into Myofibroblasts during the Microvascular Stage of the Hepatic Metastasis Process......Page 103
Hypoxia Induces Proangiogenic Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cell-Derived Myofibroblasts in Avascular Micrometastases: Implications on Intratumoral Endothelial Cell Recruitment and Survival......Page 107
Structural Relationships between Myofibroblastic and Neo-Angiogenic Patterns of Developing Hepatic Metastasis......Page 108
Intrametastatic Myofibroblasts Support Metastasis Development via Paracrine Cancer Cell Invasion and Proliferation-Stimulating Factors......Page 109
Targeting Tumor-Associated Myofibroblasts as a Novel Approach to Anti-Tumor Treatment in the Liver......Page 110
10. Matrix Metalloproteinases, Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinase and Matrix Turnover and the Fate of Hepatic Stellate Cells......Page 115
A Brief Review of the Role of Activated Stellate Cells/Myofibroblasts in Hepatic Fibrosis......Page 116
The Regulation of Hepatic Stellate Cell Apoptosis......Page 117
Matrix Stability and the Role of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases in Mediating Stellate Cell Survival......Page 118
Host Responses in Lung Injury......Page 123
Hyaluronan and CD44 in Lung Injury and Repair......Page 124
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and CXCR3 in Lung Fibrosis......Page 126
12. An Eye on Repair: Myofibroblasts in Corneal Wounds......Page 131
Corneal Imaging Using in Vivo CM......Page 132
Wound Contraction following Incision Corneal Injury......Page 133
Cellular Mechanism of Wound Contraction in the Cornea......Page 136
Myofibroblasts, Tissue Growth and Corneal Haze......Page 142
TGF-β and Appearance of Myofibroblasts in Corneal Wounds......Page 145
Differentiation of Keratocytes to Myofibroblasts......Page 146
H......Page 152
S......Page 153
W......Page 154
