Quantifying the timescales of current geological processes is critical for constraining the physical mechanisms operating on the Earth today. Since the Earth’s origin 4.55 billion years ago magmatic processes have continued to shape the Earth, producing the major reservoirs that exist today (core, mantle, crust, oceans and atmosphere) and promoting their continued evolution. But key questions remain. When did the core form and how quickly? How are magmas produced in the mantle, and how rapidly do they travel towards the surface? How long do magmas reside in the crust, differentiating and interacting with the host rocks to yield the diverse set of igneous rocks we see today? How fast are volcanic gases such as carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere?
This book addresses these and other questions by reviewing the latest advances in a wide range of Earth Science disciplines: from the measurement of short-lived radionuclides to the study of element diffusion in crystals and numerical modelling of magma behaviour. It will be invaluable reading for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, as well as igneous petrologists, mineralogists and geochemists involved in the study of igneous rocks and processes.
Author(s): Anthony Dosseto, Simon P. Turner, James A. Van Orman
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
Year: 2010
Language: English
Pages: 272
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List of Contributors, vi
Introduction to the Timescales of Magmatic Processes, 1
Anthony Dosseto, Simon P. Turner, Fidel Costa and James A. Van Orman
1 Extinct Radionuclides and the Earliest Differentiation of the Earth and Moon, 9
G. Caro and T. Kleine
2 Diffusion Constraints on Rates of Melt Production in the Mantle, 52
James A. Van Orman and Alberto E. Saal
3 Melt Production in the Mantle: Constraints from U-series, 68
Bernard Bourdon and Tim Elliott
4 Formulations for Simulating the Multiscale Physics of Magma Ascent, 87
Craig O’Neill and Marc Spiegelman
5 Melt Transport from the Mantle to the Crust – Uranium-Series Isotopes, 102
Simon P. Turner and Bernard Bourdon
6 Rates of Magma Ascent: Constraints from Mantle-Derived Xenoliths, 116
Suzanne Y. O’Reilly and W.L. Griffin
7 Time Constraints from Chemical Equilibration in Magmatic Crystals, 125
Fidel Costa and Daniel Morgan
8 Magma Cooling and Differentiation – Uranium-series Isotopes, 160
Anthony Dosseto and Simon P. Turner
9 Defining Geochemical Signatures and Timescales of Melting Processes in the Crust: An Experimental Tale of Melt Segregation, Migration and Emplacement, 181
Tracy Rushmer and Kurt Knesel
10 Timescales Associated with Large Silicic Magma Bodies, 212
Olivier Bachmann
11 Timescales of Magma Degassing, 231
Kim Berlo, James E. Gardner and Jonathan D. Blundy
Index, 256
Colour plates appear in between pages 154 and 155
