This massive revision of the highly acclaimed first edition presents a wealth of new information and insights on every aspect of the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, initial treatment, and long-term management of all varieties of thyroid cancer. Paramount is a thorough treatment of the nuclear medical aspects of diagnosing and managing the thyroid cancer patient. This includes extensive discussion of isotopes, isotope uptake and scanning procedures, radioisodine ablation and dosimetry (with or without recombinant human TSH), stunning, octreotide and FDG-PET scanning, and various alternative imaging modalities. Additional highlights include management of the scan negative and thyroglobulin-positive patient, ultrasound of the lymph nodes, local adjuncts to therapy of metastases, low iodine diets and cookbooks, future directions in therapy, and alternative therapies when traditional surgery and radioactive iodine fail.
Author(s): Leonard Wartofsky, Douglas Van Nostrand
Edition: 2
Publisher: Humana Press
Year: 2005
Language: English
Pages: 709
Thyroid Cancer......Page 2
Foreword to Second Edition......Page 8
Foreword to First Edition......Page 10
Preface......Page 14
Contents......Page 16
Color Plates......Page 24
Contributors......Page 25
Part I General Considerations I: Thyroid Cancer......Page 29
Anatomy and Physiology of the Thyroid Gland......Page 31
Epidemiology of Thyroid Cancer......Page 37
Molecular Pathogenesis of Thyroid Cancer......Page 41
Molecular Aspects of Thyroid Cancer in Children......Page 61
Oncogenes in Thyroid Cancer......Page 69
Apoptosis in Thyroid Cancer......Page 83
Radiation-Induced Thyroid Cancer......Page 91
Classification of Thyroid Malignancies......Page 113
Staging of Thyroid Cancer......Page 115
Thyroid Cancer in Children and Adolescents*......Page 125
Recombinant Human Thyrotropin......Page 131
Part II General Considerations II: Nuclear Medicine......Page 143
History of the Role of Nuclear Medicine in the Thyroid Gland and its Diseases......Page 145
Prophylaxis Against Radiation Exposure from Radioiodine......Page 157
Radioiodine Whole Body Imaging......Page 161
Primer and Atlas for the Interpretationof Radioiodine Whole-Body Scintigraphy......Page 179
False-Positive Radioiodine Scans in Thyroid Cancer......Page 207
Part III The Thyroid Nodule......Page 227
The Thyroid Nodule: Evaluation, Risk of Malignancy, and Management......Page 229
Fine Needle Aspiration: Technique......Page 239
Thyroid Nodules: Cellular and Biochemical Markers for Malignancy......Page 241
Radionuclide Imaging of Thyroid Nodules......Page 251
Ultrasonic Imaging of the Neck in Patients with Thyroid Cancer......Page 257
Thyroid Nodules and Cancer Risk: Surgical Management......Page 275
Part IV Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Papillary Carcinoma
A. Presentation......Page 279
Papillary Cancer: Clinical Aspects......Page 281
Surgical Approach to Papillary Carcinoma......Page 289
Papillary Carcinoma: Cytology and Pathology......Page 291
Part IV Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer:
B. Initial Management......Page 299
Prescribed Activity for Radioiodine Ablation......Page 301
Thyroid Remnant Radioiodine Ablation with Recombinant Human Thyrotropin......Page 311
Part IV Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer:
C. Surveillance......Page 315
Follow-Up Strategy in Papillary Thyroid Cancer......Page 317
Levothyroxine Therapy and Thyrotropin Suppression......Page 321
Thyroglobulin and Thyroglobulin Antibodies......Page 325
Diagnosis of Recurrent Thyroid Cancer in Patients with Antithyroglobulin Antibodies......Page 333
Surveillance Radioiodine Whole-Body Scans......Page 337
Radionuclide Imaging and Treatment of Thyroid Cancer in Children......Page 341
Positron Emission Tomography in Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer......Page 347
Alternative Thyroid Imaging......Page 357
36 PART AStunning......Page 365
36 PART BStunning Is Not a Problem......Page 374
36 PART CStunning: Does it Exist? A Commentary......Page 377
Ultrasonic Imaging and Identification of Metastases in Cervical Lymph Nodes......Page 379
Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography of Thyroid Cancer......Page 387
Management of the Patients with Negative Radioiodine Scan and Elevated Serum Thyroglobulin......Page 395
Determinants of Prognosis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer......Page 403
Papillary Cancer: Special Aspects in Children......Page 405
Special Presentations of Thyroid Cancer in Pregnancy, Renal Failure, Thyrotoxicosis, and Struma Ovarii......Page 415
Thyroglossal Duct Carcinoma......Page 421
Part IV Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
D. Treatment......Page 426
Radiation and Radioactivity......Page 427
Radioiodine Treatment of Distant Metastases......Page 439
I Treatment of Metastatic Thyroid Carcinoma Following Preparation by Recombinant Human Thyrotropin......Page 455
Dosimetry: Dosimetrically-Determined Prescribed Activity
of Radioiodine for the Treatment of Metastatic Thyroid Carcinoma......Page 461
Radioiodine Dosimetry with Recombinant Human Thyrotropin......Page 475
Use of Lithium as an Adjuvant to Radioiodine in the Treatment of Thyroid Cancer......Page 481
Side Effects of 131I for Ablation and Treatment of Well-Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma......Page 487
External Radiation Therapy of Papillary Cancer......Page 512
A. Chemotherapy of Thyroid Cancer: General Principles......Page 517
B Chemotherapy of Differentiated Papillary or Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma......Page 520
Thyroid Carcinoma; Metastases to Bone......Page 522
Adjunctive Local Approaches to Metastatic Thyroid Cancer......Page 534
Part V Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer:
Follicular Carcinoma......Page 539
Follicular Thyroid Cancer: Clinical Aspects......Page 540
Surgical Management of Follicular Cancer......Page 546
Pathology of Follicular Cancer......Page 548
Hürthle Cell Carcinoma......Page 553
Radionuclide Imaging, Ablation, and Treatment in Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma......Page 558
Follow-up Strategy in Follicular Thyroid Cancer......Page 560
PET in Follicular Cancer, Including Hürthle Cell Cancer......Page 562
Follicular Thyroid Cancer: Special Aspects in Children and Adolescents......Page 564
External Radiation Therapy of Follicular Carcinoma......Page 566
Determinants of Prognosis in Patients With Follicular Thyroid Cancer......Page 570
Part VI Variants of Thyroid Cancer......Page 572
Miscellaneous and Unusual Types of Thyroid Tumors......Page 573
Pathology of Miscellaneous and Unusual Cancers of the Thyroid......Page 590
Part VII Undifferentiated Tumors:
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma......Page 597
Clinical Aspects of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma......Page 598
Pathology of Medullary Thyroid Cancer......Page 607
Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid......Page 610
Radionuclide Imaging of Medullary Carcinoma......Page 612
PET in Medullary Thyroid Cancer......Page 618
External Radiation Therapy of Medullary Cancer......Page 619
Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid......Page 623
Part VIII Undifferentiated Tumors: Thyroid Lymphoma......Page 626
Thyroid Lymphoma......Page 627
Pathology of Lymphoma of the Thyroid......Page 632
FDG-PET Scanning in Lymphoma and Lymphoma of the Thyroid......Page 634
Part IX Undifferentiated Tumors: Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer......Page 637
Anaplastic Carcinoma: Clinical Aspects......Page 638
Surgical Management of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma......Page 642
Pathology of Anaplastic Carcinoma......Page 644
PET Scanning in Anaplastic Cancer of the Thyroid......Page 647
External Radiation Therapy of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer......Page 649
Chemotherapy for Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer......Page 651
Anaplastic Carcinoma: Prognosis......Page 655
Part X New Frontiers and Future Directions......Page 658
Advances in Radiation Therapy......Page 659
New Approaches in Nuclear Medicine for Thyroid Cancer......Page 662
Alternative Options and Future Directions for Thyroid Cancer Therapy......Page 668
Potential Approaches to Chemotherapy of Thyroid Cancer in the Future......Page 675
Part XI Resources for Patients with Thyroid Cancer......Page 679
Low Iodine Diets......Page 680
Appendix A......Page 685
Appendix B......Page 686
Appendix C......Page 690
Index......Page 694
