Third Generation Wireless Systems, Volume 1: Post-Shannon Signal Architectures offers you an in-depth understanding of the fundamental concepts underlying today’s most advanced wireless architectures, with a special emphasis on physical layer techniques and philosophies used in constructing interference-resistant wireless signals. You find in-depth coverage of a wide range of critical topics, including signal hardening, signal shaping techniques, signal expansion techniques, and active receiver concepts and techniques. A common theoretical framework is developed around the idea of a post-Shannon approach to designing communications systems. In many ways, modern wireless technology is pushing beyond the conventional limits of Claude Shannon’s celebrated "communications theory." Topics like multipath fading and other channel phenomena are viewed in a new light – no longer as simply unavoidable sources of degradation, but as potential resources for additional information and signal robustness. This is the first in a series of leading-edge volumes on next-generation wireless systems and technologies authored by George M. Calhoun.
Author(s): George Calhoun
Edition: 1st
Year: 2003
Language: English
Pages: 514
Third Generation Wireless Systems,
Volume 1
Post-Shannon Signal Architectures......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 15
1.1 The First Golden Age, 1890 ¨C 1940......Page 21
1.2 A Quiet Interregnum, 1940 ¨C 1990......Page 24
1.3 The Digital Radio Revolution......Page 27
1.4 The Capacity Crisis, 1995 ¨C 2001......Page 30
1.5 The New Golden Age......Page 39
2.1 ¡° Our Shannon¡±......Page 43
2.2 Claude Elwood Shannon ( 1916 ¨C 2001)......Page 46
2.3 Shannon Theory......Page 51
2.3.1 Nyquist......Page 52
2.3.2 The Importance of Noise......Page 55
2.3.3 Discrete Sources and Entropy......Page 56
2.3.4 Channel Coding and Error Control......Page 57
2.3.5 Quantization of Analog Sources......Page 58
2.3.6 Power and Bandwidth......Page 59
3.1 Three Unique Design Constraints......Page 67
3.1.1 The Basic Communications Link and the Nonengineerable Wireless Channel......Page 68
3.1.2 The Nonclonable Wireless Channel and the Challenges of Multiple Access......Page 75
3.1.3 The Conundrums of Interference......Page 79
3.2 The Basic Parameters: Channel, Signal, and Noise......Page 81
3.2.1 The Primary Signal/ Channel Dimensions: Space, Time, and Frequency......Page 82
3.2.2 Noise and Interference......Page 85
3.2.3 Self- Interference......Page 89
3.2.4 Orthogonality......Page 92
3.2.5 Secondary Signal Dimensions: Amplitude and Angle......Page 93
3.2.6 Tertiary Signal Dimensions: Signal Structure......Page 97
3.2.7 Quaternary Signal Dimensions: The Structure of the Payload......Page 99
3.2.8 The Layered Signal and the Primacy of the Physical Layer......Page 101
3.3.1 First- Generation Systems: Power Versus Noise......Page 103
3.3.2 The Cellular Revolution: Reorganizing the S- Dimension......Page 104
3.3.3 Second-Generation Systems: Digital Extensions—
Reorganizing the T-Dimension......Page 105
3.3.4 On the Threshold of 3G......Page 106
4.1 From Interference Avoidance to Interference Management......Page 109
4.1.1 The Penalty for Orthogonality......Page 110
4.1.2 Taming the Interference......Page 118
4.2 Signal Hardening Techniques......Page 120
4.2.1 Error Correction ( Channel Coding)......Page 121
4.2.2 Diversity Techniques......Page 122
4.2.3 Convolutional Techniques......Page 127
4.3 Signal Shaping Techniques......Page 131
4.3.1 Compression: Source Coding......Page 132
4.3.2 Baseband Shaping......Page 133
4.3.3 Spectrum Shaping......Page 134
4.4 Signal Recovery......Page 135
4.4.2 Cancellation of T- Interference ( II): Multipath Combining......Page 136
4.5 Beyond Orthogonality: Convolved Wireless Architectures and Design Principles......Page 138
4.5.1 Signal Spreading......Page 140
4.5.2 Interference Averaging......Page 143
4.5.3 Signal Averaging: Noise- Like Signals......Page 147
4.5.4 Interference Cancellation: Unscrambling the Omelet......Page 148
4.5.5 Adaptive Signal Design......Page 151
4.5.6 Convolutional Signal Structures......Page 154
5 Signal Hardening Techniques......Page 159
5.1 Coding: A Vast Philosophy......Page 160
5.1.1 Coding: The Standard View......Page 164
5.1.2 A Deeper Look......Page 166
5.1.3 Quantization: Many- to- One Mapping......Page 167
5.1.4 Nonlinearity and Threshold Effects......Page 173
5.1.5 Coding as Redundancy Construction: One- to- Many Mapping......Page 179
5.1.6 Signal Expansion: Channel Coding as Noise Averaging......Page 183
5.1.7 Message Space Expansion: Channel Coding as Signal Geometry......Page 186
5.2.1 Block Codes......Page 195
5.2.2 Convolutional Codes......Page 197
5.2.3 Decoding Algorithms......Page 202
5.2.4 Performance: Coding Gain......Page 204
5.3.1 Interaction Between Channel Coding and Source Compression Strategies......Page 206
5.3.2 Channel Characteristics and the Choice of Coding Schemes: Burst Errors......Page 210
5.3.3 Soft Decision Techniques......Page 214
5.3.4 Side Information......Page 219
5.3.5 Pilot Signals......Page 221
5.3.6 Trellis Coding......Page 222
5.3.7 Hierarchical Coding Structures: Concatenated Coding, Turbo Coding,and Parallel Coding......Page 226
5.4 Diversity Techniques......Page 233
5.4.1 Frequency Diversity......Page 237
5.4.2 Time Diversity......Page 241
5.4.3 Space Diversity......Page 242
5.5 Convolutional Signals......Page 243
6.1 Concepts of Efficient Transmission: Compression and Shaping......Page 251
6.2 Signal Nonlinearities: A Conundrum......Page 256
6.3 Compression: Post- Shannon Source Coding Strategies......Page 261
6.3.1 Lossless Compression......Page 264
6.3.2 Lossy Compression......Page 271
6.3.3 Perceptual Coding......Page 274
6.3.4 Correlative Quantization......Page 276
6.3.5 Source Modeling......Page 285
6.4 Baseband Signal Shaping......Page 287
6.5.1 Bandwidth- Efficient Modulation......Page 292
6.5.2 Linearized RF Systems......Page 296
6.6 Smart Antenna Technologies ( Transmission)......Page 301
6.7 Adaptive Link Technologies......Page 304
6.7.1 Adaptive Power Control......Page 305
6.7.2 Adaptive Time Alignment......Page 309
6.7.3 Adaptive Modulation......Page 312
7 Signal Recovery Techniques (Receiver-
Oriented Strategies)......Page 319
7.1 Logical- Level Signal Recovery Strategies: The Active Receiver......Page 323
7.1.1 Reliability Assessment and Erasure Strategies......Page 328
7.1.2 Residual Redundancy and Codeless Error Detection......Page 330
7.1.3 Error Concealment......Page 332
7.2 The Transfer Function: Modeling the Channel......Page 335
7.2.2 Blind Acquisition of the Transfer Function......Page 341
7.2.3 The Source Model as a Basis for Blind Acquisition......Page 342
7.2.5 ¡° Multipath Is Your Friend¡±......Page 343
7.3 One- Dimensional Signal Recovery Strategies: Equalization and RAKE Receivers......Page 362
7.3.1 Subtractive Techniques: Equalization......Page 364
7.3.2 Constructive Techniques: RAKE Architectures......Page 371
7.4 Spatial Techniques: Array Processing......Page 375
7.5 Multidimensional Signal Recovery Strategies......Page 380
7.5.2 Multidimensional RAKE Receivers......Page 381
7.6 Multiuser Detection and Interference Cancellation......Page 382
8 Signal Expansion Strategies: Beyond
Orthogonality......Page 397
8.1 An Analogy: Stereo and Beyond......Page 400
8.2 Spreading Forced Through Multiplication in the Time Domain: Direct- Sequence Spread Spectrum......Page 413
8.3.1 Constructing the Complex F- Domain Signal......Page 426
8.3.2 Tailoring the OFDM Signal to Fit the “Shape” of the Channel Transfer
Function......Page 435
8.3.4 Multicarrier CDMA......Page 448
8.4 Forced Spatial Spreading: Creating Artificial Multipath......Page 455
8.4.1 Creating Multipath: The Physical Aspect of Spatial
Spreading—Transmitter Diversity and Multiple-
Input/Multiple-Output (MIMO) Channels......Page 456
8.4.2 The Coding Aspect of Spatial Spreading: Space ¨C Time Codes......Page 460
8.4.3 Space ¨C Time Architectures: Ultimate RF?......Page 463
9 Epilogue:
The Red Queen and the Kitten......Page 473
9.1.1 Verdú......Page 475
9.1.2 Abramson......Page 477
9.1.3 Viterbi et al.......Page 480
9.1.4 Chuang and Sollenberger......Page 481
9.2 Predictions......Page 483
9.3 Whither Shannon?......Page 485
About the Author......Page 491
Index......Page 493
