Thesaurus Construction and Use: A Practical Manual

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 2
Title......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
The Authors......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Acknowledgements......Page 7
Introduction to the Fourth edition......Page 10
A1.1. The classic thesaurus......Page 12
A1.3. The search thesaurus......Page 13
A2. The thesaurus in indexing......Page 14
B1.1 Natural versus controlled language......Page 16
B1.2 The need for the thesaurus in the full-text era......Page 17
B2.3. Quantity of literature/data......Page 19
B2.7. Resources available......Page 20
B3.1. New thesaurus versus adaptation......Page 21
B3.2.1. Recall devices include:......Page 22
B3.2.2. Precision devices include.......Page 23
B3.2.3.......Page 24
Section C: Standards for thesaurus construction and development......Page 25
D2. Indexing terms—general categories......Page 26
D3.1.2. Adjectives......Page 28
D3.1.5. Initial articles......Page 30
D3.2.1. Concrete entities......Page 31
D3.2.2. Abstract concepts......Page 32
D3.3. Spelling......Page 33
D3.5.1. Punctuation and non-alphabetic characters......Page 34
D3.5.2. Capitalization......Page 36
D4.1. Loan words......Page 37
D4.2. Neologisms, slang terms and jargon......Page 38
D4.3.1. Trademarks......Page 39
D4.5. Place names......Page 40
D4.6. Identifiers: proper names of institutions, persons, etc.......Page 41
D5.1. Homographs and homonyms......Page 42
D5.2.1. Definitions......Page 43
D5.2.2. Scope notes......Page 44
E1. Vocabulary specificity......Page 46
E2. Compound terms: levels of pre-coordination......Page 47
E2.1. Structure of compound terms......Page 48
E2.3.1. Advantages of compound terms......Page 49
E2.4. Rules for the treatment of compound terms......Page 50
E2.4.1. Retention of compound terms......Page 51
E2.4.2.(a) Factoring techniques......Page 52
E2.4.2.(b) Factoring rules......Page 54
E2.4.2.(c) Exceptions to the factoring rules......Page 56
E2.4.3. The Art and Architecture Thesaurus compound term rules......Page 57
F1. Basic thesaural relationships......Page 58
F1.1.1. Synonyms......Page 59
F1.1.2. Lexical variants......Page 60
F1.1.3. Quasi-synonyms......Page 61
F1.1.3a. Upward posting......Page 62
F1.2. The hierarchical relationship......Page 63
F1.2.1. The generic relationship......Page 64
F1.2.2. The hierarchical whole-part relationship......Page 65
F1.3. The associative relationship......Page 67
F1.3.1. Terms belonging to the same category......Page 68
F1.3.2. Terms belonging to different categories......Page 69
F1.3.4. Related terms in the systematic display......Page 73
F2. Classification and facet analysis......Page 74
F2.1.1. The Bliss classification, and other universal schemes, as thesaurus sources......Page 75
F2.2. Fundamental facets......Page 76
F2.3.1. Thesauri structured by subject fields and disciplines......Page 78
F2.3.2. Thesauri with fundamental facets as main division......Page 79
F2.3.3. Order of facets in a faceted display......Page 80
F2.3.4 Facet analysis references......Page 83
F3.1. Expressive notation......Page 84
F3.2. Ordinal and semi-ordinal notation......Page 85
F3.4.......Page 86
F4. Automatic approaches to thesaurus construction......Page 87
G1. Post-coordination and pre-coordination......Page 89
G2.1. Logical operators......Page 90
G2.3. Word distance device......Page 91
G4. Roles......Page 92
G5. Treatment and other aspect codes......Page 94
G6. Weighting......Page 96
H1. Screen displays......Page 98
H2.1. Layout and reference structure......Page 99
H2.2. Multilevel hierarchies......Page 103
H2.4. Alphabetization......Page 104
H3.1. Top term arrangement......Page 107
H4. Systematic displays and hierarchies......Page 108
H4.1.1. ‘Themes’......Page 111
H4.2.1. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) tree structures......Page 115
H4.2.2. Enumerative classification......Page 117
H4.3. Detailed faceted thesauri......Page 119
H4.3.2. Art and Architecture Thesaurus......Page 120
H4.3.3. BSI ROOT Thesaurus style......Page 123
H4.3.4. Polyhierarchies in faceted systematic displays......Page 126
H5. Graphic displays......Page 129
H5.2. Arrowgraphs......Page 130
H5.3. Terminographs/box charts......Page 131
H6. Display in multilingual thesauri......Page 134
General......Page 137
I2.2. Inexact equivalence......Page 138
I2.4. Single-to-multiple equivalence......Page 139
I2.5. Non-equivalence......Page 141
I3. Other considerations......Page 142
J2. Selection of thesaurus characteristics and layout......Page 144
J5.1. Terminological sources in standardized form......Page 145
J5.2.2. Automatic term selection......Page 146
J6. Recording of the terms......Page 147
J7.1. Preliminary organization of the subjects covered by the thesaurus......Page 148
J7.2. Analysis and grouping of terms within broad categories......Page 149
J7.2.1b.......Page 151
J7.2.1c.......Page 153
J7.3. Editing the systematic display......Page 155
J8. Alphabetical thesaurus production from a systematic display......Page 157
J8.1. Conventional alphabetical thesaurus production......Page 158
J8.2. Alphabetical display accompanying a systematic display......Page 159
J11. Editing......Page 161
J12. Testing......Page 162
J14. Deposit with clearinghouse......Page 163
K2. Thesaurus modifications......Page 164
K2.6. Amendment of existing structure......Page 165
K4.1. Print-on-paper......Page 166
K4.2.3. Hypertext......Page 167
L1. The need for reconciliation......Page 168
L2. Reconciliation methods......Page 169
L2.1.1. Intermediate languages......Page 170
L2.1.2. Automatic switching......Page 171
L3.2. Merged controlled languages......Page 172
L3.2.1. Unified Agricultural Thesaurus......Page 174
L3.2.2. Unified Medical Language System......Page 176
L3.2.3.......Page 178
COMPOUND TERMS THAT REMAIN BOUND......Page 179
COMPOUND TERMS THAT ARE SPLIT......Page 182
Bibliography......Page 184
Index......Page 195