Designed for pharmacy students Now updated for its Second Edition, Thermodynamics of Pharmaceutical Systems provides pharmacy students with a much-needed introduction to the mathematical intricacies of thermodynamics in relation to practical laboratory applications. Designed to meet the needs of the contemporary curriculum in pharmacy schools, the text makes these connections clear, emphasizing specific applications to pharmaceutical systems including dosage forms and newer drug delivery systems.
Students and practitioners involved in drug discovery, drug delivery, and drug action will benefit from Connors' and Mecozzi's authoritative treatment of the fundamentals of thermodynamics as well as their attention to drug molecules and experimental considerations. They will appreciate, as well, the significant revisions to the Second Edition. Expanding the book's scope and usefulness, the new edition:
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Explores in greater depth topics most relevant to the pharmacist such as drug discovery and drug delivery, supramolecular chemistry, molecular recognition, and nanotechnologies
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Moves the popular review of mathematics, formerly an appendix, to the front of the book
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Adds new textual material and figures in several places, most notably in the chapter treating noncovalent chemical interactions
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Two new appendices provide ancillary material that expands on certain matters bordering the subject of classical thermodynamics
Thermodynamics need not be a mystery nor confined to the realm of mathematical theory. Thermodynamics of Pharmaceutical Systems, Second Edition demystifies for students the profound thermodynamic applications in the laboratory while also serving as a handy resource for practicing researchers.
Author(s): Kenneth A. Connors, Sandro Mecozzi
Edition: 2
Publisher: Wiley
Year: 2010
Language: English
Pages: 380
THERMODYNAMICS OF PHARMACEUTICAL SYSTEMS......Page 4
CONTENTS......Page 10
PREFACE......Page 14
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION......Page 16
0.1. Introduction......Page 18
0.2. Dimensions and Units......Page 19
0.3. Logarithms and Exponents......Page 25
0.4. Algebraic and Graphical Analysis......Page 29
0.5. Dealing with Change......Page 43
0.6. Statistical Treatment of Data......Page 57
Problems......Page 71
I BASIC THERMODYNAMICS......Page 78
1.1. Fundamental Concepts......Page 80
1.2. The First Law of Thermodynamics......Page 86
1.3. The Enthalpy......Page 90
Problems......Page 93
2.1. The Entropy Defined......Page 95
2.2. The Second Law of Thermodynamics......Page 102
2.3. Applications of the Entropy Concept......Page 104
Problems......Page 107
3.1. Properties of the Free Energy......Page 110
3.2. The Chemical Potential......Page 114
Problems......Page 121
4.1. Conditions for Equilibrium......Page 122
4.2. Physical Processes......Page 124
4.3. Chemical Equilibrium......Page 130
Problems......Page 137
II THERMODYNAMICS OF PHYSICAL PROCESSES......Page 140
5.1. Scope......Page 142
5.2. Concentration Scales......Page 143
5.3. Standard States......Page 144
Problems......Page 147
6.1. Pure Substances......Page 148
6.2. Multicomponent Systems......Page 153
Problems......Page 158
7.1. Ideal Solutions......Page 159
7.2. Nonideal Solutions......Page 162
7.3. Partitioning Between Liquid Phases......Page 165
Problems......Page 176
8.1. Coulombic Interaction and Ionic Dissociation......Page 178
8.2. Mean Ionic Activity and Activity Coefficient......Page 182
8.3. The Debye–Hückel Theory......Page 183
Problems......Page 187
9.1. Boiling Point Elevation......Page 188
9.3. Osmotic Pressure......Page 191
9.4. Isotonicity Calculations......Page 194
Problems......Page 198
10.1. Solubility as an Equilibrium Constant......Page 199
10.2. The Ideal Solubility......Page 200
10.3. Temperature Dependence of the Solubility......Page 203
10.4. Solubility of Slightly Soluble Salts......Page 206
10.5. Solubilities of Nonelectrolytes: Further Issues......Page 208
Problems......Page 216
11. Surfaces and Interfaces......Page 218
11.1. Thermodynamic Properties......Page 219
11.2. Adsorption......Page 225
Problems......Page 234
III THERMODYNAMICS OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES......Page 236
12.1. Acid–Base Theory......Page 238
12.2. pH Dependence of Acid–Base Equilibria......Page 244
12.3. Calculation of Solution pH......Page 253
12.4. Acid–Base Titrations......Page 258
12.5. Aqueous Solubility of Weak Acids and Bases......Page 266
12.6. Nonaqueous Acid–Base Behavior......Page 270
12.7. Acid–Base Structure and Strength......Page 274
Problems......Page 283
13.1. Introduction......Page 287
13.2. Oxidation–Reduction Reactions......Page 288
13.3. Electrochemical Cells......Page 291
13.4. pH Measurement......Page 302
13.5. Ion-Selective Membrane Electrodes......Page 310
Problems......Page 316
14.1. Introduction......Page 318
14.2. The Noncovalent Interactions......Page 319
14.3. Binding Models......Page 324
14.4. Measurement of Binding Constants......Page 329
14.5. Applications......Page 340
Problems......Page 343
APPENDIXES......Page 346
Appendix A Physical Constants......Page 348
Appendix B Kinetic Theory of Gases......Page 349
Appendix C Extrathermodynamic Relationships......Page 352
ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS......Page 358
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 368
INDEX......Page 372
