Therapeutic Exercise From Theory to Practice

Part 1: Concepts of Therapeutic Exercise and Rehabilitation
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW OF THE EVALUATION PROCESS
THE COMPREHENSIVE MEDICAL HISTORY
THE SUBJECTIVE HISTORY
THE OBJECTIVE EVALUATION
Visual Inspection
Palpation
Range of Motion
Special Tests
Proprioceptive Testing
Neurological Examination
Joint-Speci.c Testing
DETERMINING THE DIAGNOSIS
THE DOCUMENTATION PROCESS
FORMULATING A PROBLEM LIST
DESIGNING FUNCTIONAL TREATMENT GOALS
FORMULATING A COMPREHENSIVE TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION PLAN
RE-EVALUATING THE PATIENT
INCORPORATING THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES
SUMMARY
CHAPTER TWO
INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF TISSUES
COMMON INJURIES
SOFT TISSUE HEALING
Phase 1: In.ammatory Response
Phase 2: Repair/Regeneration (Proliferation)
Phase 3: Remodeling/Maturation
FRACTURE HEALING
Phase 1: Acute
Phase 2: Repair/Regeneration
Phase 3: Remodeling
Fracture Management
Delayed and Nonunion Fractures
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM HEALING
MUSCLE HEALING
TENDON HEALING
FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE HEALING RESPONSE
Chronic In.ammation, Subsequent Degeneration, and Cumulative Trauma
SUMMARY
CHAPTER THREE
INTRODUCTION
CONCEPTUAL ISSUES
COGNITIVE AND CLINICAL COMPETENCIES
UNDERSTANDING THE STRESS–INJURY RELATIONSHIP
RESPONSES TO INJURY
Cognitive Response
Emotional Response
Behavioral Responses
TYPES OF PATIENTS
ROLE OF THE CLINICIAN
Explaining the Rehabilitation Process
Developing Rapport
REHABILITATION ADHERENCE
Adherence Strategies
PAIN MANAGEMENT
HELPING THE PATIENT RETURN TO PLAY/ACTIVITY
CAREER-ALTERING INJURIES
MAKING REFERRALS/ MONITORING SIGNS OF POOR ADJUSTMENT
SUMMARY
CHAPTER FOUR
INTRODUCTION
TERMINOLOGY
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE RANGE OF MOTION
END FEELS
Normal End Feels
Abnormal End Feels
EVALUATION
RESISTED RANGE OF MOTION
RANGE OF MOTION EQUIPMENT AND TECHNIQUES
Equipment
Wand or T-bar Exercises
Towel Exercises
Tables, Walls, Stools, and Rocker/BAPS Boards
Lower-Extremity Neural Tension Techniques
Upper Limb Neural Tension Tests/Treatments
SUMMARY
CHAPTER FIVE
INTRODUCTION
RANGE OF MOTION LIMITATIONS
TERMINOLOGY
EFFECT OF MUSCLE LENGTH ON FUNCTION
FACTORS AFFECTING MUSCLE FUNCTION AND LENGTH
CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPERTIES
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF STRETCHING
EFFECTS OF STRETCHING
EFFECT OF MODALITIES ON STRETCHING
STRETCHING TECHNIQUES
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching
STRETCHING GUIDELINES AND IMPLCATIONS
PRECAUTIONS TO STRETCHING
RELAXATION PROCEDURES
EXERCISE PROGRESSION
DYNAMIC SPLINTING
SUMMARY
CHAPTER SIX
INTRODUCTION
TERMINOLOGY
SPECIFICS OF JOINT ARTHROKINEMATICS
THE CONCAVE–CONVEX RULE
JOINT POSITIONS
CAPSULAR PATTERNS
EFFECTS OF JOINT MOBILIZATION
ADJUNCTS TO JOINT MOBILIZATION
MOBILIZATION WITH MOVEMENT
MUSCLE ENERGY
JOINT MOBILIZATION TECHNIQUES
GUIDELINES TO APPLYING JOINT MOBILIZATIONS
LIMITATIONS OF JOINT MOBILIZATIONS
INDICATIONS FOR JOINT MOBILIZATION
PRECAUTIONS FOR JOINT MOBILIZATIONS
CONTRAINDICATIONS TO JOINT MOBILIZATIONS
SUMMARY
CHAPTER SEVEN
INTRODUCTION
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
Muscle Anatomy
Muscle Contraction
All or None Principle
MUSCLE FIBER TYPES
KINESIOLOGY/DEFINITION OF TERMS
TYPES OF SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTION
FACTORS DETERMINING SKELETAL MUSCLE PERFORMANCE
THE OVERLOAD PRINCIPLE
OPEN VERSUS CLOSED KINETIC CHAIN EXERCISE
CLINICAL DECISION-MAKING IN DESIGNING A STRENGTHENING PROGRAM
Resistive Exercise Progression
DeLorme–Watkins Protocol
Oxford Protocol
Daily Adjusted Progressive Resistive Exercise
TYPES OF RESISTANCE EXERCISE
Isometric Exercise
Isotonic Exercise
Trunk Stabilization
Plyometric Exercise
Isokinetic Resistance
VARIABLES IN DEVELOPING A RESISTANCE EXERCISE PROGRAM
PRECAUTIONS
CONTRAINDICATIONS
SUMMARY
CHAPTER EIGHT
INTRODUCTION
CORE DEFINITION
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE CORE
MUSCLES ACTING ON THE CORE
Lumbar Muscles
Abdominal Wall Muscles
Pelvic/Hip Muscles
KINEMATICS
EXERCISE TRAINING PRINCIPLES
“Core Training” Programs
Abdominal Hollowing vs. Abdominal Bracing
EVALUATION OF THE CORE
CORE STABILIZATION EXERCISES
Crunch/Curl Up
Planks
Side Bridge
Bridging
Four-Point Kneeling (Quadruped or Birddog)
Dead Bug Exercises
Exercise Balls
Roll Outs
Medicine Ball Exercises
Overhead Squat
Standing Cable Exercises
Chops with a Push
Lifts with Push
Pull Thrus
SUMMARY
CHAPTER NINE
INTRODUCTION
PLYOMETRIC FUNDAMENTALS
STRETCH-SHORTENING CYCLE
INITIATING PLYOMETRICS INTO REHABILITATION
Strength
Technique
Speed
Kinesthetic Sense
Body Size
PLYOMETRIC PROGRESSION
PLYOMETRIC EXERCISES FOR THE LOWER BODY
Squat
Eccentric Balance Control
Hopping
Skipping
Single-Arm Dumbbell Snatch
Power Skip
Multiple Hops/Jumps for Distance or Height
Squat Jumps
Tuck Jumps
Plyometric Leg Press
Box Jumps
Split Squat Jump
Bounding
Depth Jumps
Single-Leg Tuck Jump
Cycle Split Squat Jump
PLYOMETRIC EXERCISES FOR THE UPPER EXTREMITY
Chest Pass
Overhead Throw
Rotational Throws
Plyometric Push Up
Ball Drops for Chest
Ball Drops for Shoulders Toss
PROGRAM DESIGN
Intensity
Volume
Frequency
Recovery
SUMMARY
CHAPTER TEN
INTRODUCTION
TERMINOLOGY
HISTORY OF ISOKINETICS
ISOKINETIC DEVICES
ISOKINETIC TESTING OPTIONS
FORCE AND VELOCITY RELATIONSHIP IN ISOKINETIC EXERCISE
ISOKINETIC TRAINING ROUTINES
Velocity Spectrum Training
Carryover Effect and Speci.c Training Velocities
CONCENTRIC AND ECCENTRIC STRENGTHENING
ISOKINETIC TESTING
Assessing Isokinetic Test Results
Peak Torque
Maximum Work Repetition
Total Work
Work Fatigue
Time to Peak Torque
Agonist/Antagonist Ratios
Advantages of Isokinetic Exercise
Disadvantages of Isokinetic Exercise
Evaluating the Torque Curve
SUMMARY
CHAPTER ELEVEN
INTRODUCTION
CARDIORESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Cardiorespiratory System Response to Oxidative/Aerobic Exercise
Cardiac Output During Exercise
Cardiac Output, Stroke Volume, Heart Rate, and Oxygen Consumption
STROKE VOLUME DURING EXERCISE
HEART RATE
OXYGEN CONSUMPTION
BLOOD FLOW
Muscle’s Response to Aerobic/Oxidative Training
ENERGY SYSTEMS
The Phosphagen System
Anaerobic or Nonoxidative System
The Aerobic or Oxidative System
RATING OF PERCEIVED EXERTION
DETERMINING TARGET HEART RATE
ARM VS. LEG EXERCISES FOR CONDITIONING
DECONDITIONING
TRAINING PROGRAMS
Long-Duration Moderate-Intensity Training
Moderate-Duration High-Intensity Training
Short-Duration High-Intensity Training
Fartlek (Speed Play)
Circuit Training
Cross Training
SUMMARY
CHAPTER TWELVE
INTRODUCTION
TERMINOLOGY
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER
Buoyancy
Viscosity
Hydrostatic Pressure
INDICATIONS, PRECAUTIONS, AND CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR AQUATIC EXERCISE
LOCAL CODE AND AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATORS GUIDELINES
Automated External De.brillators (AED) Water Guidelines
ADVANTAGES OF AQUATIC EXERCISE
AQUATIC REHABILITATION METHODS AND TECHNIQUES
Bad Ragaz Method
Halliwick Method
Watsu
AQUATIC EXERCISE EQUIPMENT
Buoyant Equipment
Weighted Equipment
Drag Equipment
SPECIFIC AQUATIC EXERCISES
EXERCISES FOR THE LOWER EXTREMITY
Gait Training/Weight-Bearing
Running Shallow/Deep Water
Barbell Cross-Country Ski
Jumping/Hopping/Plyometrics
LOWER-EXTREMITY RANGE OF MOTION EXERCISES
Heel Slides
Leg Swings
Ankle Pumps
LOWER-EXTREMITY STRENGTHENING EXERCISES
Hip Flexion/Extension and Abduction/Adduction
Knee Flexors and Extensors
Squats
Step Ups
Lunges
EXERCISES FOR THE UPPER EXTREMITY
Shoulder Flexion/Extension
Shoulder Abduction/Adduction
Horizontal Flexion/Extension
Shoulder Internal/External Rotation
Elbow Flexion/Extension
Kickboard Push/Pull
Wall Push-Up
AQUATIC EXERCISE FOR THE SPINE
Knee Tucks
Trunk Rotation with Kickboard
EXAMPLE EXERCISE ROUTINES
Kickboard Workout
Flutter-Kick Drill
SUMMARY
CHAPTER THIRTEEN
INTRODUCTION
PROPRIOCEPTION AND MOTOR CONTROL
PROPRIOCEPTIVE PROCESSES AND STRUCTURES
ASSESSING SENSORIMOTOR CONTROL AND BALANCE
TECHNIQUES TO IMPROVE PROPRIOCEPTION
SUMMARY
Part 2: Rehabilitation of the Lower Extremity
CHAPTER FOURTEEN
ANATOMY OF THE FOOT AND ANKLE
Joints of the Foot
Triplane Motion
Ligaments of the Ankle
Subtalar Joint
Motion at the Talocrural Joint
The Midtarsal Joint
Tarsometatarsal Joint
The Metatarsophalangeal Joints
The Interphalangeal Joints
FOOT FUNCTION DURING GAIT
The Contact Phase
Midstance Phase
The Propulsive Phase
BIOMECHANICAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH INJURIES
Abnormal Pronation
Abnormal Supination
CLINICAL CONDITIONS
Rehabilitation Techniques for the Ankle
Ankle Sprains
Lateral Ankle Sprains
Syndesmosis Injuries
Treatment
Peroneal Tendon Disorders
Plantar Fasciitis
Achilles Tendon Dysfunction
Os Trigonum Syndrome
Posterior Tibialis Tendon Dysfunction
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome
Compartment Syndrome
Stress Fractures
Tennis Leg
THE ROLE OF FOOT ORTHOSES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF FOOT AND ANKLE CONDITIONS
Biomechanical Evaluation
Biomechanical Orthoses
Orthotic Complications
SUMMARY
CHAPTER FIFTEEN
INTRODUCTION
ANATOMY
Bones
Cartilage
Ligaments
Bursa
Muscles
NORMAL BIOMECHANICS
PATHOMECHANICS
OTHER JOINT CONSIDERATIONS
REFERRED PAIN PATTERNS
NERVE INVOLVEMENT
INJURIES OF THE TIBIOFEMORAL JOINT
Sprains
Multiplanar Sprains
Strains
Tendinopathy
Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome
Bursitis
Meniscal Injuries
Contusions
Fractures
Osteochondritis Dissecans
Peroneal Nerve Palsy or Injury
SURGICAL PROCEDURES
Medial Collateral Ligament Repair
Posterolateral Capsule Repair
Meniscal Repair
OTHER CONDITIONS
Baker’s Cyst
Septic Arthritis
THERAPEUTIC EXERCISES IN THE REHABILITATION OF THE TIBIOFEMORAL JOINT
Flexibility
Muscle Strengthening
Isokinetic Training
Plyometric Training
Functional Training
Neuromuscular Re-Education
Endurance/Cardiovascular Conditioning
SOFT TISSUE MOBILIZATION TECHNIQUES
Massage
Transverse Friction Massage
Myofascial Release/Trigger Point Therapy
Scar Mobilization
JOINT MOBILIZATION
Anterior Tibial Glide
Posterior Tibial Glide
Posterior Tibial Glide with Distraction
Tibial External Rotation
Mobilization with Movement for Knee Flexion
TAPING, BRACING, STRAPPING, PADDING, FOOTWEAR, AND ORTHOTICS
Taping
SUMMARY
CHAPTER SIXTEEN
INTRODUCTION
ANATOMY
Bursa
Muscles Affecting the Patellofemoral Joint
Sulcus Angle
Q-Angle
NORMAL BIOMECHANICS
Type of Joint/Motions
Patellofemoral Stability
Patella Tracking
Patellofemoral Joint Congruence
Patellofemoral Joint Reaction Forces
ARTHROKINEMATICS
PATHOMECHANICS
Muscular/Fascia Causes
Patella Alta
Patella Baja
OTHER JOINT CONSIDERATIONS
Hip Rotation
Genu Valgum
Pes Planus (Low-Arched Foot/Pronation)
Pes Cavus (High-Arched Foot/Supination)
REFERRED PAIN PATTERNS
NERVE INVOLVEMENT
INJURIES AND PATELLOFEMORAL CONDITIONS
General Patellofemoral Pain Conditions
Overuse Syndromes
SURGICAL PROCEDURES
Lateral Retinacular Release
Proximal and/or Distal Patellar Realignment
Infrapatellar/Quadriceps Tendon Ruptures
Patella Fractures
Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction
Patellectomy
OTHER CONDITIONS
Fat Pad Impingement/Contusion
Osteochondritis Dissecans
THERAPEUTIC EXERCISES IN THE REHABILITATION OF THE PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT
Flexibility
Speci.c Muscle Stretches
SOFT TISSUE MOBILIZATION TECHNIQUES
Quadriceps Pain Referral Patterns
Iliotibial Band/Tensor Fascia Lata
Patella Tendon and Quadriceps Tendon
JOINT MOBILIZATION
Patellofemoral Mobility
MUSCLE STRENGTHENING
OPEN VS. CLOSED CHAIN EXERCISE
Isometric Exercises
Quadriceps Setting
Isometric Gluteus Medius
Open Kinetic Chain Strengthening
Other Open Kinetic Chain Exercises
Closed Kinetic Chain Strengthening
Lunges
PROPRIOCEPTIVE TRAINING
ISOKINETIC TRAINING
NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION AND QUADRICEPS STRENGTHENING
ENDURANCE TRAINING
FUNCTIONAL TRAINING
TAPING, STRAPS, AND BRACING
Patellar Taping
Knee Sleeves and Braces
Counterforce Straps
Arch Supports and Custom Orthoses
Shoes
SUMMARY
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN
INTRODUCTION
ANATOMY
NORMAL BIOMECHANICS
PATHOMECHANICS
ARTHROKINEMATICS
Referred Pain Patterns
Injuries
CONDITIONS OF THE HIP
Hip Pointer
Etiology/Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
PIRIFORMIS SYNDROME
Etiology/Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
TROCHANTERIC BURSITIS
Etiology/Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
ISCHIAL BURSITIS
SNAPPING HIP SYNDROME
Etiology/Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
ILIOTIBIAL BAND SYNDROME
Treatment
ACETABULAR LABRUM TEAR
Etiology/Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
HIP DISLOCATION/ SUBLUXATION
Treatment
Phase I (Weeks 1–3)
Phase II (Weeks 3–8)
Phase III (Weeks 8–12)
FEMOROACETABULAR IMPINGEMENT
Etiology/Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
PHASES OF REHABILITATION
Hip Sprains
Avulsion Fractures
Apophysitis
Traumatic Femur Fractures
Femoral Neck Stress Fractures
Femoral Shaft Stress Fractures
Sciatica
Femoral Nerve Entrapment
Conditions of the Thigh
Hip Flexor Strain
Conditions of the Groin
THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE
Range of Motion
Hip Passive Range of Motion Exercises
Stretching
Joint Mobilization
Aerobics
STRENGTHENING
Isometric Exercises
Isotonic Exercises
Plyometrics
Isokinetic Exercises
Proprioception
BRACING, TAPING, AND PADDING
SUMMARY
Part 3: Rehabilitation of the Spine
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN
INTRODUCTION
Muscles and Ligaments
ANATOMY
Bony
KINEMATICS AND BIOMECHANICS
Leg-Length Discrepancies
Referred Pain Patterns
PELVIS
Conditions of the Pelvis
NERVE ENTRAPMENTS
Obturator Nerve Entrapment
Peripheral Nerve Entrapment
SOMATIC DYSFUNCTION OF THE PELVIS
ROTATIONS
Posterior Superior Iliac Spine Levels in Sitting
Forward Flexion Test
Supine to Long Sit
Prone Knee Flexion Test
Muscle Energy Techniques
Anterior Innominate Rotation
Posterior Rotation of the Innominate
SHEARS (UPSLIP/DOWNSLIP)
Upslips
Downslips
FLARES
Etiology/Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
SACRAL TORSIONS
Etiology/Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
PUBIC SYMPHYSIS
GENERAL REHABILITATION GUIDELINES AFTER PELVIC CORRECTION
Stretching
Strengthening
Proprioception
Movement Therapy
SUMMARY
CHAPTER NINETEEN
INTRODUCTION
Facet Joints
Lumbar Vertebrae
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE LUMBAR SPINE
Intervertebral Disc
Muscles
Ligaments
SPINAL CURVATURE
MECHANICS OF LUMBAR MOTION
Coupled Motion
Lumbopelvic Rhythm
LOW BACK EXERCISE CONCERNS
Breathing
Flexibility
Strength/Endurance
ENDURANCE TESTS
POSTURE
Sway Back or Lumbar Lordosis
Flat Back
Lateral Shift
Pelvic Neutral Position
LUMBAR EXERCISE GUIDELINES AND PROGRESSIONS
EXERCISES FOR HYPERMOBILTY, INSTABILITY, SPEED, POWER, AND AGILITY
Crossed Pelvis Syndrome
Mobility and Flexibility Exercises
LUMBAR INJURIES
Sprains/Strains
Fractures
Facet Joint Dysfunctions
Types of Facet Restrictions
Mobilizations for Hypomobile Segments or Facet Joint Restrictions
Opening Mobilizations
Closing Mobilizations
Muscle Energy
Manipulation
Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glides
Disc Injuries
Piriformis Syndrome
SUMMARY
CHAPTER TWENTY
INTRODUCTION
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY
Upper Cervical Spine
Lower Cervical Spine
Cervical Intervertebral Discs
KINEMATICS
MUSCLES
Upper Cervical Spine (Atlas)
Lower Cervical Spine
LIGAMENTS
ZYGAPOPHYSEAL (FACET) JOINTS
VERTEBRAL ARTERY
Vertebral Artery Test
POSTURE
Postural Exercises
Nodding (Craniocervical Flexion)
Sitting Posture
RANGE OF MOTION EXERCISES
STRETCHING EXERCISES
STRENGTHENING EXERCISES
MANUAL THERAPY
Soft Tissue Massage
Muscle Energy
Mobilization
Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glides
TRACTION
CERVICAL SPINE INJURIES
Cervical Sprain/Strain
Cervical Spondylosis/Arthritis
Facet Joint Dysfunction
MOBILIZATIONS
Opening Restriction (Posterior/ Anterior Mobilization)
Closing Restriction (Posterior/ Anterior Mobilization)
Muscle Energy
SNAGS
Manual Therapy Techniques
Cervical Disc Injuries
CLINICAL PREDICTION RULES FOR TREATMENT OF THE CERVICAL SPINE
RETURN TO PLAY GUIDELINES FOR CERVICAL SPINE INJURIES
BRACHIAL PLEXUS INJURIES
PREVENTION OF CERVICAL SPINE INJURIES IN ATHLETES
THORACIC SPINE
COMMON THORACIC SPINE INJURIES
Facet Joint/Rib Dysfunction
CLINICAL PREDICTION RULE FOR THORACIC SPINE MANIPULATION
SUMMARY
Part 4: Rehabilitation of the Upper Extremity
CHAPTER TWENTY ONE
INTRODUCTION
GLENOHUMERAL JOINT
ANATOMY AND MECHANICS
STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT
ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT
SCAPULOTHORACIC ARTICULATION
Scapulohumeral Rhythm
SHOULDER COMPLEX FORCE COUPLES
OBSERVATION AND TESTING
COMMON SHOULDER EXERCISES
SHOULDER MOBILIZATIONS
SHOULDER COMPLEX PATHOLOGIES AND TREATMENTS
Impingement
Rotator Cuff Tendonitis/Bursitis
Calci.c Tendonitis
Biceps Tendonitis/Tendinosis
Sprains
Clavicular Osteolysis
Clavicle Fractures
Glenohumeral Instability
SLAP Lesions
Rotator Cuff Tears
SUMMARY
CHAPTER TWENTY TWO
INTRODUCTION
ANATOMY AND MECHANICS
Elbow Flexors
Elbow Extensors
Humeroulnar Joint
Humeroradial Joint
Proximal and Distal Radioulnar Joints
EXERCISES FOR ELBOW INJURIES
COMMON ELBOW INJURIES
Epicondylitis
Lateral Epicondylitis
Medial Epicondylitis
Bursitis
Elbow Dislocation
Ulnar Nerve Entrapment
Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury
Biceps Tendon Rupture
SUMMARY
CHAPTER TWENTY THREE
INTRODUCTION
THE ROLE OF THE SCAPULA IN THE OVERHEAD ATHLETE
RANGE OF MOTION FOR THE OVERHEAD ATHLETE
THE THROWING MOTION
Pitchers
Baseball vs. Football
Volleyball
Tennis
Swimming
REHABILITATION GUIDELINES
STRENGTHENING EXERCISES FOR THE OVERHEAD ATHLETE
Scapular Exercises
Trapezius Exercises
Face Pulls
Pull-Ups
Blackburn Exercises (IYTs)
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Exercises
Rotator Cuff Exercises
Plyometric Exercises
Thrower’s Ten Exercises
THROWING PROGRAMS
Baseball Player’s Throwing Program Guidelines
Short-Duration Interval Throwing Program
Softball Player’s Throwing Program Guidelines
Guidelines for Tennis Program
Volleyball Hitting Program
SUMMARY
CHAPTER TWENTY FOUR
INTRODUCTION
CONNECTIVE TISSUE HEALING
ANATOMY
ARTHROKINEMATICS
COMMON INJURIES AND CONDITIONS
Colles Fracture
Thumb Collateral Ligament Sprain
Radial Collateral Ligament
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
de Quervain’s Tenosynovitis
Trigger Finger/Tenosynovitis
Mallet Finger
Jersey Finger
Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Tears
GENERAL TREATMENT STRATEGIES
Modalities
Tendon Gliding
Strengthening
Proprioceptive Exercises
Splinting
POSSIBLE PROXIMAL ORIGINS OF HAND PAIN
Thoracic Outlet
Cervical Disorders
SUMMARY
Index