Modern science has two inseparable components, the empirical and theoretical. The empirical component is concerned primarily with observation; the theoretical component is concerned with the interpretation and explanation of observation.
If a deduction is in genuine disagreement with the observation, the postulate must either be abandoned or so modified that it implies no such conflicting statement. If, however, the deductions and the observations agree, the postulate gains in dependability. By successive agreements under a very wide variety of conditions, it may attain a high degree of justified
credibility but never absolute certainty.
A theory is pragmatic only in terms of prediction. Therefore, it shall be shown that fear is a motivation in itself, whether it be negative or positive incentive or habit, it can turn an organism on, guide behavior and turn the organism off. Therefore, fear as motivation and fear reduction as a
reinforcer, coupled with a direction provided for the organism once away from the reinforcer of drive reduction of fear itself is a paradigm of behavior leading to a new learned response.
