Thelma D. Sullivan's Compendium of Nahuatl Grammar

Thelma D. Sullivan's Compendium of Nahuatl Grammar
Contents
Preface to the Spanish Edition
Acknowledgments for the Spanish Edition
Author's Note for the Spanish Edition
Preface to the English Edition
Introduction Characteristics of the Nahuatl Language
Structure
Stylistics
Prehispanic Writing
1 Phonology and Writing System
Vowels
Consonants
Stops
The glottal stop
Affricates
Fricatives
The lateral
Nasals
Semivowels
Accent
Early Orthographic Variation
Vowels
Semivowels
The /kw/
Glottal stop
The /s/
The /s/
Morphophonemic Changes
2 Nouns
The Absolutive Noun
The Noun Plural
Other phenomena in the plural formation
Abstract Nouns
The ligature -ca- with agentive nouns and toponyms
Reverential, Pejorative, Diminutive, and Augmentative
Reverential
Plural of the reverential
Pejorative-diminutive
Plural of the pejorative-diminutive
Diminutive
Augmentative
Pejorative
3 Pronouns
The Possessive Pronominal Prefixes
Possessed Nouns
Plural of the possessed noun
Possessed form of abstract, reverential, pejorative-diminutive, diminutive, augmentative, and pejora...
Genitive phrases: noun with third person possessed noun
The Possessive Prefixes with Adverbs
Verb Prefixes: Subject and Object
Form of the third person object prefixes
Expressed third person objects
Indefinite third person objects: te- and tla-
Indirect objects
Verb Prefixes: The Reflexive
Reflexive prefixes in combination with object prefixes
Subject Prefixes Joined with Nouns and Adjectives
Independent Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
Indefinite pronouns
Negative indefinite pronouns
Interrogative pronouns
Relative pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns
4 Vocative
Masculine Vocative
Feminine Vocative
General Vocative
5 Indicative Mood of the Verb
General Remarks Concerning Verbs and Their Conjugation
The citation form: third person singular present indicative
Person markers: the pronominal prefixes
The particle on-
Verb endings
Present Tense
Meaning and use of the present tense
Past Imperfect Tense
Meaning and use of the past imperfect tense
Past Perfect Tense
Alternate past perfect formations
Perfect marker o-
Past perfect suffix -c
Meaning and use of the past perfect tense
Pluperfect Tense
Meaning and use of the pluperfect tense
Future Tense
Meaning and use of the future tense
Desire expressed by nequi "want"
6 Other Moods of the Verb
The Imperative
Use of the imperative
Requests or entreaties
Imperative with the future tense
Vetative of caution
Optative and Subjunctive
Past imperfective and past perfective of the optative and subjunctive
Another form of the optative and subjunctive past perfect
Future optative and subjunctive
Future conditional subjunctive
The subjunctive in conditional sentences
7 The Passive and the Impersonal
The Passive Voice
Consonant changes
Alternate forms of the passive
The reflexive pronoun of the passive: ne-
The passive use of the reflexive
The passive of the verb which has two objects
Other tenses and moods of the passive
Use of the passive
The Impersonal
The impersonal of transitive verbs
The impersonal of intransitive verbs
Intransitive verbs which add -ohua
The impersonal of inchoative intransitive verbs
Other tenses and moods of the impersonal
8 Verbal Directional Suffixes
Movement Away: To Go To
The indicative mood: present and future -tiuh (sg.), -tihui-' (pl.)
The indicative mood: past -to (sg.), -to-' (pl.)
Other moods of the verb: -ti (sg.), -ti-', -tin (pl.)
Movement Toward: To Come To
The indicative mood: present and past -co (sg.), -co-' (pl.)
The indicative mood: future -quiuh (sg.), -quihui-' (pl.)
Other moods of the verb: -qui (sg.) -qui-' (pl.)
9 Verbal Nouns
Action Nouns
Possessed form of the verbal action noun
Agentive Nouns
Alternate formations
Possessed form of agentive nouns
Possessive Nouns
The plural of the possessive noun
The possessed form of the possessive noun
The Ligature -ca- in Derivations of Verbal Nouns
Abstract nouns
Reverential
Pejorative-diminutive
Diminutive and augmentative
Patient Nouns
Impersonal-passive patient nouns
Past perfect patient nouns
Instrumental Nouns
Locative Nouns
Locative noun formed with the suffix -yan
Locative noun formed with the suffix -can
Verbal Nouns which Appear Only in the Possessed Form
Suffix -ca: action received
Suffix -ca: action completed
Suffix -ya: instrumental
Suffix -yan: place and time
10 Postpositions
Postpositions with possessive pronominal prefixes
Postpositions with nouns
The ligature -ti-
Postposition with noun and copy pronoun
Six classes of postpositions
Postpositions that Combine with Either Nouns or Pronominal Prefixes
Postposition -pan: upon, above; in the time of; with, by means of; for, on behalf of; concerning
Postposition -icpac: on, above, on the top of, at the head of
Postposition -tlan: in, among, with, together with, under; next to, close to
Postposition -tech: on, in, next to, close to; concerning; by, at
Postposition -ca: with, with help from, through, by means of, by, along, of
Postposition -nahuac: next to, beside, near to; with, together with
Postposition -tzalan: between, among, in the middle of
Postposition -nepantla': in the middle of, among, between
Postpositions That Combine Only With Nouns
Postposition -c, -co: in, within, inside, on, through; in the time of
Postposition -nalco: beyond, on the other side of
Postposition -chi: down, down toward
Postposition -can: where, place of, in the time of
Postposition -tla': where something abounds, place where something is abundant, time when something ...
Postposition -teuh: like, in the manner of, similar to
Postpositions that Combine Only with Pronominal Prefixes
Postposition -pal: through, by, by means of, with the help of
Postposition -pampa: for, because of
Postposition -tloc: with, beside, together with, in the company of
Postposition -huan: with, together with, in the company of, accompanied by
Postposition -huic: toward, against
Postposition -icampa: behind
Postpositions Derived from Nouns
Postpositions -ixco, -ixtlan, -ixpan (from ixtli, face, eye)
Postpositions -i'tic, -i'tec: inside, within (from i'titl, i'tetl belly)
Postposition -tepotzco: behind, in the absence of (from tepotztli back)
Some other postpositions derived from nouns
Double and Triple Postpositions
Double postpositions
Triple postpositions
Reverential, Diminutive, and Pejorative Postpositions
Added to noun stems
Added to noun with a postposition
Added to possessive pronoun with a postposition
11 Family Names
12 Adjectives
Primary Adjectives
Adjectives Derived from Nouns and the Verb Suffix -Yo'
Adjectives Derived from Verbs
Adjectives formed with -c, -tic
Adjectives in -ni
Adjectives in -qui
Patient adjectives
13 Numerals
Cardinal Numbers
Numeral classifiers
Particles and suffixes which take numerals
Ordinal Numbers
14 Verbs Derived from Nouns, Adjectives, and Adverbs
Derived Intransitive Verbs
Suffix -ti, -tiya
Agentive and possessive nouns use the ligature -ca- with -ti
The past perfect for verbs in -ti and -tiya
Suffix -ihui, -cihui, -ahui, -icihui
Suffix -a
Transitive and reflexive forms of verbs in -a
Past perfect and future for verbs in -a
Derived Transitive and Reflexive Verbs
Suffix -lia
Suffix -huia
Suffix -tia
15 Intransitive Verbs and Their Corresponding Transitive Forms
16 Derived Verb Forms
Causative
The reflexive form of the causative
Applicative
The reflexive form of the applicative
Intensive-Frequentative
Reduplicated intensive-frequentative
Reduplication of the object prefix tla-
The frequentative with a distributive meaning
Intensive-frequentative formed with the suffixes -ca and -tza
Reverential
The reverential form of intransitive verbs
The reverential form of transitive verbs
The reverential form of the reflexive verb
The use of -tzinoa as a reverential suffix of intensity
Tense, mood, and person of the reverential form
Pejorative
17 Irregular and Defective Verbs
"Be" Verbs
"To be (located)": ca'
"To be standing": i'cac
"To be lying down, stretched out, or seated": onoc
"To be extended": mani
Synopsis of the "be" verbs
"Go" and "Come" Verbs
"To go": yauh
"To come": huallauh
"To come": huitz
Synopsis of the "go" and "come" verbs
Irregular Verbs Used as Auxiliaries
Auxiliary -ca': "to be"
Auxiliary -i'cac: ''to be standing"
Auxiliary -oc (from onoc): "to be lying down or seated"
Auxiliary -mani: "to be extended"
Auxiliary from yauh: "to go
Auxiliary -huitz: ''to come"
18 Compounds
Noun Compounds
Noun joined with noun
Noun joined with adjective
Nouns and adjectives which take the ligature -ca- in compounds
Noun joined with adverb
Verb Compounds: With Nouns
Transitive verb joined with a noun (noun incorporation)
Intransitive verb joined with a noun
Nouns which take the ligature -ca-
Nouns with postposit ions
Verb Compounds: With Adjectives
Verb Compounds: With Adverbs
Verb joined with simple adverb
Verb joined with adverb in -ca, derived from an adjective
Verb joined with hual "hither"
Verb Compounds: Verb Joined with Other Verb
Verbs compounded without the ligature
Verbs compounded with the ligature -ti-
Verbs which keep the reflexive prefix mo- after the ligature -ti-
Frequently occurring verbs in compounds
The reverential form of verbs compounded with other verbs
19 Adverbs and Conjunctions
Introductory Remarks
Adverbs of Place
Adverbs of Time
Adverbs of Place and Time
Adverbs of Manner
Adverbs of Manner that End in -Ca
Adverbs derived from verbal nouns in -liz-tli
Adverbs derived from adjectives ending in -c or -qui
Adverbs derived with -ca that are not manner adverbs
Adverbs of Quantity
Adverbs of Affirmation, Negation, and Doubt
Conjunctions
20 Comparatives and Superlatives
Comparatives
The comparative conjunction
Other comparative degrees
Superlatives
Vocabulary
A
C
CH
CU
E
HU
I
M
N
O
P
Q
T
TL
TZ
X
Y
Z
Prefixes
Suffixes
Bibliography
Abbreviations
Works consulted