The Vitreous State: Thermodynamics, Structure, Rheology, and Crystallization

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This book summarizes the experimental evidence and modern classical and theoretical approaches in understanding the vitreous state, from structural problems, over equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics, to statistical physics. Glasses, and especially silicate glasses, are only the best known representatives of this particular physical state of matter. Other typical representatives include organic polymer glasses, and many other easily vitrifying organic and inorganic substances, technically important materials, amidst them vitreous water and vitrified aqueous solutions, and also many metallic alloy systems. Some of these systems only form glasses under particular conditions, e.g. through ultra-rapid cooling. This book describes the properties and the formation of both every-day technical glasses and especially of such more exotic forms of vitreous matter.
It is a unique source of knowledge and new ideas for materials scientists, engineers and researchers working on condensed matter. The new edition emphasizes latest experimental findings and modern theories, explaining the kinetics of glass formation, the relaxation and stabilization of glasses and their crystallization in terms of new models, derived from the framework of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes. It shows how the properties of common technical glasses, window glass, or the vitreous ice kernel of comets can be used to develop a new understanding of the existence of matter in various, unusual forms. The described theories can even find application for the description of lasers and interesting unusual processes in the universe.

Author(s): Ivan S. Gutzow, Jürn W.P. Schmelzer (auth.)
Edition: 2
Publisher: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
Year: 2013

Language: English
Pages: 554
Tags: Condensed Matter Physics; Ceramics, Glass, Composites, Natural Methods; Inorganic Chemistry

Front Matter....Pages i-xxii
Introduction....Pages 1-5
States of Aggregation, Thermodynamic Phases, Phase Transformations, and the Vitreous State....Pages 7-67
Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics and the Kinetics of Glass Transition and Stabilization....Pages 69-125
General Approaches to the Description of the Structure of Glasses....Pages 127-164
Statistical Physics of Under-cooled Melts and Glasses....Pages 165-217
Kinetics of Crystallization and Segregation: Nucleation in Glass-Forming Systems....Pages 219-288
Catalyzed Crystallization of Glass-Forming Melts....Pages 289-331
Theory of Crystal Growth and Dissolution in Under-cooled Melts: Basic Approaches....Pages 333-365
Growth of Clusters and of Ensembles of Clusters: Ostwald Ripening and Ostwald’s Rule of Stages....Pages 367-393
Kinetics of Overall Crystallization: Kinetic Criteria for Glass-Formation....Pages 395-415
Liquid Phase Separation in Glass-Forming Melts....Pages 417-424
Rheology of Glass-Forming Melts....Pages 425-441
Concluding Remarks....Pages 443-445
Brief Overview on Some New Developments....Pages 447-523
Back Matter....Pages 525-553