Senneferi was the chancellor of the king in Thebes (modern Luxor) in the reign of Thutmose III (c. 1430 BC). His large but badly damaged tomb lies in the hill of Sheikh Abdel Qurna on the West Bank at Luxor. This first of two volumes focuses on the use of the tomb complex during the New Kingdom, especially the 18th dynasty (c. 1550-1300 BC). It begins with an account of Senneferi himself, looking at his career, his family and other monuments made in his name as far apart as Gebel Silsila in southern Egypt and the Sinai peninsula. The central section deals with the development of the layout of the tomb during this period and its recent exploration, including a detailed reconstruction of its history from 1430 BC to the 20th century AD. The remaining chapters detail the decoration and finds from the excavations, including a painted statue of Senneferi's son-in-law and a unique set of implements from the Opening of the Mouth ritual, as well as possibly the largest ceramic assemblage yet known in a tomb of this date. This book presents the results of the detailed analysis of what at first sight appear to be unpromising finds and reveals new insights into burial practices at the height of the 18th dynasty.
Author(s): Nigel Strudwick
Publisher: Oxbow Books Limited
Year: 2016
Language: English
Pages: xxx+342 + 130 Plates
Cover
Book Title
Copyrights
Contents
List of tables
List of scenes and texts
List of figures
List of line plates
List of colour plates
Bibliography
Preface
Introduction
Nigel Strudwick
1.1 Publication structure
1.2 Recent history and earlier work in TT99
1.3 The Cambridge Theban Tombs Project
1.4 Theft and damage
1.5 Presentation of the material in this volume
1.6 General description of contexts
Senneferi, his family and related monuments
Nigel Strudwick
2.1 Senneferi
2.1.1 Writing of name
2.1.2 Titles and epithets
2.1.3 Career
2.1.4 Dating
2.2 Family
2.2.1 Parents
2.2.2 Wife
2.2.3 A brother?
2.2.4 Children
2.2.5 Son-in-law: Amenhotep
2.3 Monuments of Senneferi other than in TT99
2.3.1 Block statue in the British Museum, EA 48
2.3.2 Pair statue, Egyptian Museum, Cairo, CG 1013
2.3.3 Fragment of a statue, Egyptian Museum, Cairo, CG 1112
2.3.4 Fragment of block statue, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Wien AS 5978
2.3.5 Shrine 13 at Gebel Silsila
2.3.6 Stela from Serabit el-Khadim (199)
2.3.7 A second stela from Serabit el-Khadim (71.93)
2.4 Senneferi on other monuments or documents
2.4.1 Papyrus Louvre E 3226
2.4.2 Scene in the temple of Serabit el-Khadim (194)
2.4.3 Wadi Hammamat inscription 103
2.4.4 Theban tomb C.3
2.5 Uncertain possible references
2.5.1 Karnak
2.5.2 Hildesheim, Römer und Pelizaeus Museum 5810
2.6 Summary list of titles and epithets of Senneferi
The geological and geographical setting of TT99
Helen Strudwick and Trevor F Emmett
3.1 The geographical context (Helen Strudwick)
3.1.1 Location in the necropolis
3.1.2 Necropolis development, orientation and pathways
3.2 The geological setting (Trevor F. Emmett)
3.2.1 An outline of Theban geology
3.2.2 The interior of TT99
The tomb, its architecture and history
Helen Strudwick and Nigel Strudwick
4.1 Superstructure
4.2 Facade of the tomb chapel
4.2.1 Niche
4.2.2 Side extensions
4.2.3 Funerary cones
4.2.4 Courtyard
4.3 Chapel
4.3.1 General characterisation of the Chapel
4.3.2 Entrance doorway
4.3.3 Front room
4.3.4 Passage
4.3.5 Rear room
4.3.6 Preparation of the wall surfaces
4.3.7 Damage to the wall paintings
4.4 Burial Shafts A—F inside the Chapel
4.5 The Courtyard burial shafts
4.5.1 Shaft G
4.5.2 Shaft H
4.5.3 Shaft I
4.5.4 Construction sequence and history of Shaft I
The decoration of the Chapel
Nigel Strudwick
5.1 Scene structure
5.2 Decorative programme, colours and techniques
5.3 Other fragments of decoration
5.4 Entrance
5.4.1 Entrance reveals
5.5 Front room
5.5.1 Wall 1: east wall, south of entrance
5.5.2 Wall 2: south wall
5.5.3 Wall 3: west wall, south of entrance to Passage
5.5.4 Wall 4: west wall, north of entrance to Passage
5.5.5 Wall 5: north wall
5.5.6 Wall 6: east wall, north of entrance
5.5.7 Wall 7: west wall, entrance to Passage
5.6 Passage or Corridor
5.6.1 Door reveals
5.6.2 Wall 8: east wall, over entrance from Front room
5.6.3 Wall 9: south wall
5.6.4 Wall 10: west wall, entrance to Rear room
5.6.5 Wall 11: north wall
5.7 Rear Room (Shrine)
5.7.1 Doorway to Passage
5.7.2 Wall 12: east wall, south of entrance from Passage
5.7.3 Wall 13: south wall
5.7.4 Wall 14: west wall, south of central niche
5.7.5 Wall 15: west wall, central niche and surrounds
5.7.6 Wall 16: west wall, north of central niche
5.7.7 Wall 17: north wall
5.7.8 Wall 18: east wall, north of entrance from Passage
5.7.9 Pillars
5.7.10 Decoration of abaci of columns
5.8 Chapel ceiling decoration and texts
5.8.1 Decoration
5.8.2 Texts
5.8.3 Discussion and parallels
The decorative programme, painting styles and colours
Nigel Strudwick
6.1 The decorative programme of the Chapel
6.2 Painting styles
6.3 Colour
6.3.1 Notes on method
6.3.2 Colour in Egyptology since 1996
6.3.3 Visualisation
6.3.4 The colours of TT99
Papyri und Leichentuch aus Shaft I
Irmtraut Munro
7.1 Papyri
7.1.1 Beschreibung und Befund
7.1.2 Statistik
7.2 Leichentuch
7.2.1 Beschreibung
7.2.2 Spruchvorkommen, Sequenz und stemmatische Einordnung
7.3 Bewertung des Gesamtbefundes
7.4 The provenances of the Shaft I fragments
7.5 Conservation of the papyri of Senneferi
7.5.1 Method
7.5.2 Observations made during conservation
7.6 Conservation of the shroud of Senneferi
The coffins from Shaft I
John H. Taylor
8.1 18 th dynasty coffin types in the Theban necropolis
8.2 Coffin fragments from Shaft I
8.2.1 Black-varnished coffins of reddish-coloured wood
8.2.2 Black-varnished and painted coffin(s) of reddish-coloured wood
8.2.3 A painted coffin of a light wood
8.2.4 Conclusion
The ceramics from Shaft I
Pamela Rose
9.1 Introduction and overview
9.2 Dating
9.3 Descriptions
9.3.1 Fabrics
9.3.2 Type nomenclature
9.3.3 Provenance terminology
9.3.4 Abbreviations
9.4 Catalogue
9.4.1 Marl Clays
9.4.2 Nile silt vessels
9.4.3 Imported vessels
The hieratic jar labels
B. Bohleke
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Dockets contemporary with Senneferi
10.2.1 Transcription, translation and commentary
10.2.2 Conclusion (dockets contemporary with Senneferi)
10.3 Highly fragmentary and intrusive ostraka
10.3.1 Transcription, translation and commentary
10.3.2 Conclusion (fragmentary and intrusive dockets)
Small finds from Shaft I and an overview of the burial assemblage of Senneferi
Nigel Strudwick
11.1 Opening of the Mouth objects
11.1.1 Summary of publication status
11.1.2 Adzes
11.1.3 Other possible Opening of the Mouth items
11.1.4 Probable label (with B. Bohleke)
11.1.5 Probable box
11.1.6 Related ostraka
11.1.7 Summary of archaeological contexts
11.1.8 Images of the Opening of the Mouth in TT99
11.2 Jewellery
11.2.1 Beads
11.2.2 Faience bracelets
11.2.3 Summary of archaeological contexts
11.3 Stone and other non-ceramic vessels
11.3.1 Vessels
11.3.2 Lids
11.3.3 Cosmetic items
11.3.4 Summary and contexts
11.4 Food containers and provisions
11.4.1 Containers
11.4.2 Provisions
11.5 Secular and religious fUrniture
11.5.1 Non-specific boxes
11.5.2 Canopic box or chest
11.5.3 Knobs
11.5.4 Other furniture from Shaft I
11.5.5 Summary and contexts
11.6 Figured, hieroglyphic and other ostraka
11.6.1 Hieroglyphic ostraka
11.6.2 Figured ostraka
11.6.3 Summary of archaeological contexts
11.7 Other items from Shaft I
11.7.1 Papyri
11.7.2 Mummy shroud
11.7.3 Textiles other than the shroud
11.7.4 Basketry
11.7.5 Gold leaf
11.7.6 Jar sealings
11.8 The burial assemblage of Senneferi (with Helen Strudwick)
11.8.1 Overview of burial equipment found
11.8.2 Burial sequence and distribution of objects
The ceramics from Shaft H
Pamela Rose
12.1 Introduction and overview
12.2 Dating
12.3 The Courtyard Pottery
12.4 Terminology
12.5 Fabrics
12.6 Catalogue
12.6.1 Marl clay wares
12.6.2 Oasis wares
12.6.3 Nile silt wares
12.6.4 Open forms
12.6.5 Imports
The human and animal remains from Shafts I and H 315
Tony Waldron
13.1 Human remains from Shaft I
13.1.1 Disarticulated bone
13.1.2 Minimum number of individuals
13.1.3 Sex of the individuals
13.1.4 Height of the individuals
13.1.5 Skeletal indices
13.1.6 The teeth
13.1.7 Pathology
13.1.8 Mummified material
13.2 Human remains from Shaft H
13.2.1 Disarticulated bone
13.2.2 Minimum number of individuals
13.2.3 Sex of the individuals
13.2.4 Height of the individuals
13.2.5 Skeletal indices
13.2.6 Teeth
13.2.7 Pathology
13.2.8 Normal variants
13.2.9 Children’s skeletons
13.2.10 Mummified remains
13.3 Animal bones from TT99
13.3.1 Shafts H and I
13.3.2 NISP and MNI
13.3.3 Modification of the bones
13.3.4 Conclusions
Line plates
Colour plates
INDEXES
